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Science 22 August 1997:
Vol. 277. no. 5329, pp. 1078 - 1081
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5329.1078
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Reports

Selective Colorimetric Detection of Polynucleotides Based on the Distance-Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles

Robert Elghanian, James J. Storhoff, Robert C. Mucic, Robert L. Letsinger, * Chad A. Mirkin *

A highly selective, colorimetric polynucleotide detection method based on mercaptoalkyloligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticle probes is reported. Introduction of a single-stranded target oligonucleotide (30 bases) into a solution containing the appropriate probes resulted in the formation of a polymeric network of nanoparticles with a concomitant red-to-pinkish/purple color change. Hybridization was facilitated by freezing and thawing of the solutions, and the denaturation of these hybrid materials showed transition temperatures over a narrow range that allowed differentiation of a variety of imperfect targets. Transfer of the hybridization mixture to a reverse-phase silica plate resulted in a blue color upon drying that could be detected visually. The unoptimized system can detect about 10 femtomoles of an oligonucleotide.

Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: camirkin{at}chem.nwu.edu and r-letsinger{at}chem.nwu.edu

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