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Science 26 April 1996:
Vol. 272. no. 5261, pp. 537 - 542
DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5261.537
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Reports

Adaptive Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 During the Natural Course of Infection

Steven M. Wolinsky, *dagger Bette T. M. Korber, dagger Avidan U. Neumann, Michael Daniels, Kevin J. Kunstman, Amy J. Whetsell, Manohar R. Furtado, Yunzhen Cao, David D. Ho, Jeffrey T. Safrit, Richard A. Koup

The rate of progression to disease varies considerably among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Analyses of semiannual blood samples obtained from six infected men showed that a rapid rate of CD4 T cell loss was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the HIV-1 quasispecies virus population. More moderate rates of CD4 T cell loss correlated with genetic evolution within three of four subjects. Consistent with selection by the immune constraints of these subjects, amino acid changes were apparent within the appropriate epitopes of human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, the evolutionary dynamics exhibited by the HIV-1 quasispecies virus populations under natural selection are compatible with adaptive evolution.

S. M. Wolinsky, M. Daniels, K. J. Kunstman, A. J. Whetsell, M. R. Furtado, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
B. T. M. Korber and A. U. Neumann, Theoretical Division, T-10, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Y. Cao, D. D. Ho, J. T. Safrit, R. A. Koup, The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
dagger These two authors contributed equally to the conceptualization, design, and execution of this work.

[Data]


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Dynamics of HIV-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes with Changes in Viral Load.
L. Mollet, T.-S. Li, A. Samri, C. Tournay, R. Tubiana, V. Calvez, P. Debre, C. Katlama, and B. Autran (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 1692-1704
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Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Control and Escape.
A. K. Sewell, D. A. Price, A. Oxenius, A. D. Kelleher, and R. E. Phillips (2000)
Stem Cells 18, 230-244
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Sera Obtained Shortly after Seroconversion Neutralize Autologous HIV Type 1 Isolates on Primary Macrophages but Not on Lymphocytes.
H. Ruppach, P. Nara, I. Raudonat, Z. Elanjikal, H. Rübsamen-Waigmann, and U. Dietrich (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 5403-5411
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Timing the Ancestor of the HIV-1 Pandemic Strains.
B. Korber, M. Muldoon, J. Theiler, F. Gao, R. Gupta, A. Lapedes, B. H. Hahn, S. Wolinsky, and T. Bhattacharya (2000)
Science 288, 1789-1796
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Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Reactivity during Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Patients with Advanced Immunodeficiency.
C. R. Rinaldo Jr., X.-L. Huang, Z. Fan, J. B. Margolick, L. Borowski, A. Hoji, C. Kalinyak, D. K. McMahon, S. A. Riddler, W. H. Hildebrand, et al. (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 4127-4138
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Dominant Role of Host Selective Pressure in Driving Hepatitis C Virus Evolution in Perinatal Infection.
A. Manzin, L. Solforosi, M. Debiaggi, F. Zara, E. Tanzi, L. Romanò, A. R. Zanetti, and M. Clementi (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 4327-4334
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Induction of AIDS Virus-Specific CTL Activity in Fresh, Unstimulated Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Rhesus Macaques Vaccinated with a DNA Prime/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Boost Regimen.
T. M. Allen, T. U. Vogel, D. H. Fuller, B. R. Mothe, S. Steffen, J. E. Boyson, T. Shipley, J. Fuller, T. Hanke, A. Sette, et al. (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 4968-4978
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The Outcome of Acute Hepatitis C Predicted by the Evolution of the Viral Quasispecies.
P. Farci, A. Shimoda, A. Coiana, G. Diaz, G. Peddis, J. C. Melpolder, A. Strazzera, D. Y. Chien, S. J. Munoz, A. Balestrieri, et al. (2000)
Science 288, 339-344
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CD8+ T-Cell Gamma Interferon Production Specific for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in HIV-1-Infected Subjects.
X.-L. Huang, Z. Fan, C. Kalinyak, J. W. Mellors, and C. R. Rinaldo Jr. (2000)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 7, 279-287
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