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Science 6 November 2009:
Vol. 326. no. 5954, pp. 865 - 867
DOI: 10.1126/science.1178158
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Reports
Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse
C. M. Wade,1,2,3,*
E. Giulotto,4
S. Sigurdsson,1,5
M. Zoli,6
S. Gnerre,1
F. Imsland,5
T. L. Lear,7
D. L. Adelson,8
E. Bailey,7
R. R. Bellone,9
H. Blöcker,10
O. Distl,11
R. C. Edgar,12
M. Garber,1
T. Leeb,11,13
E. Mauceli,1
J. N. MacLeod,7
M. C. T. Penedo,14
J. M. Raison,8
T. Sharpe,1
J. Vogel,15
L. Andersson,5
D. F. Antczak,16
T. Biagi,1
M. M. Binns,17
B. P. Chowdhary,8
S. J. Coleman,7
G. Della Valle,6
S. Fryc,1
G. Guérin,19
T. Hasegawa,20
E. W. Hill,21
J. Jurka,22
A. Kiialainen,23
G. Lindgren,24
J. Liu,25
E. Magnani,4
J. R. Mickelson,26
J. Murray,27
S. G. Nergadze,4
R. Onofrio,1
S. Pedroni,14
M. F. Piras,4
T. Raudsepp,8
M. Rocchi,28
K. H. Røed,9
O. A. Ryder,30
S. Searle,15
L. Skow,18
J. E. Swinburne,31
A. C. Syvänen,23
T. Tozaki,32
S. J. Valberg,26
M. Vaudin,31
J. R. White,1
M. C. Zody,1,5
Broad Institute Genome Sequencing Platform,1
Broad Institute Whole Genome Assembly Team,1
E. S. Lander,1,33
K. Lindblad-Toh1,5,*
We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse ( Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.
2 Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
3 Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
4 Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
5 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
6 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
7 Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
8 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
9 University of Tampa, 401 West Kennedy Boulevard, Box 3F, Tampa, FL, USA.
10 Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
11 Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
12 45 Monterey Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.
13 Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Berne, Switzerland.
14 Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
15 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
16 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
17 The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
18 College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
19 INRA, UMR 1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Biologie Intégrative et Génétique Equine, Bâtiment 440.78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
20 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan.
21 Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
22 Genetic Information Research Institute, 1925 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
23 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
24 Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 597, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
25 Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
26 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
27 Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA, USA.
28 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165, 70126 Bari, Italy.
29 Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
30 San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92029, USA.
31 Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
32 Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan.
33 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
* To whom correspodence should be addressed. E-mail: c.wade{at}usyd.edu.au (C.M.W.); kersli{at}broadinstitute.org (K.L.-T.)
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