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Science 4 September 2009:
Vol. 325. no. 5945, pp. 1258 - 1261
DOI: 10.1126/science.1174146
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Reports

Perineuronal Nets Protect Fear Memories from Erasure

Nadine Gogolla,* Pico Caroni, Andreas Lüthi,{dagger} Cyril Herry{dagger},{ddagger}

In adult animals, fear conditioning induces a permanent memory that is resilient to erasure by extinction. In contrast, during early postnatal development, extinction of conditioned fear leads to memory erasure, suggesting that fear memories are actively protected in adults. We show here that this protection is conferred by extracellular matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the amygdala. The organization of CSPGs into perineuronal nets (PNNs) coincided with the developmental switch in fear memory resilience. In adults, degradation of PNNs by chondroitinase ABC specifically rendered subsequently acquired fear memories susceptible to erasure. This result indicates that intact PNNs mediate the formation of erasure-resistant fear memories and identifies a molecular mechanism closing a postnatal critical period during which traumatic memories can be erased by extinction.

Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.

* Present address: Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

{ddagger} Present address: INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andreas.luthi{at}fmi.ch (A.L.); cyril.herry{at}inserm.fr (C.H.)

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Erasing Fear Memories.
T. Pizzorusso (2009)
Science 325, 1214-1215
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