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Originally published in Science Express on 11 June 2009
Science 10 July 2009:
Vol. 325. no. 5937, pp. 178 - 181
DOI: 10.1126/science.1173034
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Reports
Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator, Bi2Te3
Y. L. Chen,1,2,3
J. G. Analytis,1,2
J.-H. Chu,1,2
Z. K. Liu,1,2
S.-K. Mo,2,3
X. L. Qi,1,2
H. J. Zhang,4
D. H. Lu,1
X. Dai,4
Z. Fang,4
S. C. Zhang,1,2
I. R. Fisher,1,2
Z. Hussain,3
Z.-X. Shen1,2,*
Three-dimensional topological insulators are a new state of quantum matter with a bulk gap and odd number of relativistic Dirac fermions on the surface. By investigating the surface state of Bi 2Te 3 with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the surface state consists of a single nondegenerate Dirac cone. Furthermore, with appropriate hole doping, the Fermi level can be tuned to intersect only the surface states, indicating a full energy gap for the bulk states. Our results establish that Bi 2Te 3 is a simple model system for the three-dimensional topological insulator with a single Dirac cone on the surface. The large bulk gap of Bi 2Te 3 also points to promising potential for high-temperature spintronics applications.
2 Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
3 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
4 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zxshen{at}stanford.edu
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