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Selection pressure exerted by insects and microorganisms shapesthe diversity of plant secondary metabolites. We identifieda metabolic pathway for glucosinolates, known insect deterrents,that differs from the pathway activated by chewing insects.This pathway is active in living plant cells, may contributeto glucosinolate turnover, and has been recruited for broad-spectrumantifungal defense responses. The Arabidopsis CYP81F2 gene encodesa P450 monooxygenase that is essential for the pathogen-inducedaccumulation of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, whichin turn is activated by the atypical PEN2 myrosinase (a typeof β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) for antifungal defense.We propose that reiterated enzymatic cycles, controlling thegeneration of toxic molecules and their detoxification, enablethe recruitment of glucosinolates in defense responses.
1 Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany. 2 Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. 3 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, E-28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
Present address: Max Planck Institut für BioanorganischeChemie, Stiftstrasse 34–36, D-45470 Mülheim an derRuhr, Germany.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: schlef{at}mpiz-koeln.mpg.de (P.S.-L.); bednarek{at}mpiz-koeln.mpg.de (P.B.)
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Bednarek,1*
lewska-Bednarek,1
Svato
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Present address: Max Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34–36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. 
