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Ankyrin Repeat Proteins Comprise a Diverse Family of Bacterial Type IV Effectors
Xiaoxiao Pan,1Anja Lührmann,1*Ayano Satoh,2*Michelle A. Laskowski-Arce,1Craig R. Roy1
Specialized secretion systems are used by many bacteria to delivereffector proteins into host cells that can either mimic or disruptthe function of eukaryotic factors. We found that the intracellularpathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii use atype IV secretion system to deliver into eukaryotic cells alarge number of different bacterial proteins containing ankyrinrepeat homology domains called Anks. The L. pneumophila AnkXprotein prevented microtubule-dependent vesicular transportto interfere with fusion of the L. pneumophila-containing vacuolewith late endosomes after infection of macrophages, which demonstratesthat Ank proteins have effector functions important for bacterialinfection of eukaryotic host cells.
1 Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA. 2 Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Present address: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA5.124, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: craig.roy{at}yale.edu
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Present address: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA5.124, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. 
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: 
