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Genomic Plasticity and the Diversity of Polyploid Plants
A. R. Leitch1 and
I. J. Leitch2
Polyploidy, a change whereby the entire chromosome set is multiplied,arises through mitotic or meiotic misdivisions and frequentlyinvolves unreduced gametes and interspecific hybridization.The success of newly formed angiosperm polyploids is partlyattributable to their highly plastic genome structure, as manifestedby tolerance to changing chromosome numbers (aneuploidy andpolyploidy), genome size, (retro)transposable element mobility,insertions, deletions, and epigenome restructuring. The abilityto withstand large-scale changes, frequently within one or afew generations, is associated with a restructuring of the transcriptome,metabolome, and proteome and can result in an altered phenotypeand ecology. Thus, polyploid-induced changes can generate individualsthat are able to exploit new niches or to outcompete progenitorspecies. This process has been a major driving force behindthe divergence of the angiosperms and their biodiversity.
1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK. (E-mail: a.r.leitch{at}qmul.ac.uk) 2 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK. (E-mail: i.leitch{at}kew.edu)
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