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Reciprocal Binding of PARP-1 and Histone H1 at Promoters Specifies Transcriptional Outcomes
Raga Krishnakumar,1,2*Matthew J. Gamble,1*Kristine M. Frizzell,1,2Jhoanna G. Berrocal,1,2Miltiadis Kininis,1,3W. Lee Kraus1,2,3,4
Nucleosome-binding proteins act to modulate the promoter chromatinarchitecture and transcription of target genes. We used genomicand gene-specific approaches to show that two such factors,histone H1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), exhibita reciprocal pattern of chromatin binding at many RNA polymeraseII–transcribed promoters. PARP-1 was enriched and H1 wasdepleted at these promoters. This pattern of binding was associatedwith actively transcribed genes. Furthermore, we showed thatPARP-1 acts to exclude H1 from a subset of PARP-1–stimulatedpromoters, suggesting a functional interplay between PARP-1and H1 at the level of nucleosome binding. Thus, although H1and PARP-1 have similar nucleosome-binding properties and effectson chromatin structure in vitro, they have distinct roles indetermining gene expression outcomes in vivo.
1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 2 Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 3 Graduate Field of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 4 Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 465 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. E-mail: wlk5{at}cornell.edu
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To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 465 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. E-mail: 
