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ReportsReciprocal Binding of PARP-1 and Histone H1 at Promoters Specifies Transcriptional Outcomes
Nucleosome-binding proteins act to modulate the promoter chromatin architecture and transcription of target genes. We used genomic and gene-specific approaches to show that two such factors, histone H1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), exhibit a reciprocal pattern of chromatin binding at many RNA polymerase II–transcribed promoters. PARP-1 was enriched and H1 was depleted at these promoters. This pattern of binding was associated with actively transcribed genes. Furthermore, we showed that PARP-1 acts to exclude H1 from a subset of PARP-1–stimulated promoters, suggesting a functional interplay between PARP-1 and H1 at the level of nucleosome binding. Thus, although H1 and PARP-1 have similar nucleosome-binding properties and effects on chromatin structure in vitro, they have distinct roles in determining gene expression outcomes in vivo.
1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. * These authors contributed equally to this work.
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To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 465 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. E-mail: 
Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)
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