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Science 7 December 2007:
Vol. 318. no. 5856, pp. 1625 - 1628
DOI: 10.1126/science.1145806
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Reports

Stabilizing Isopeptide Bonds Revealed in Gram-Positive Bacterial Pilus Structure

Hae Joo Kang,1,2 Fasséli Coulibaly,1,2 Fiona Clow,1,3 Thomas Proft,1,3* Edward N. Baker1,2*

Many bacterial pathogens have long, slender pili through which they adhere to host cells. The crystal structure of the major pilin subunit from the Gram-positive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes at 2.2 angstroms resolution reveals an extended structure comprising two all-β domains. The molecules associate in columns through the crystal, with each carboxyl terminus adjacent to a conserved lysine of the next molecule. This lysine forms the isopeptide bonds that link the subunits in native pili, validating the relevance of the crystal assembly. Each subunit contains two lysine-asparagine isopeptide bonds generated by an intramolecular reaction, and we find evidence for similar isopeptide bonds in other cell surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria. The present structure explains the strength and stability of such Gram-positive pili and could facilitate vaccine development.

1 Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
3 School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ted.baker{at}auckland.ac.nz (E.N.B.); t.proft{at}auckland.ac.nz (T.P.)

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Identification and phenotypic characterization of a second collagen adhesin, Scm, and genome-based identification and analysis of 13 other predicted MSCRAMMs, including four distinct pilus loci, in Enterococcus faecium.
J. Sillanpaa, S. R. Nallapareddy, V. P. Prakash, X. Qin, M. Hook, G. M. Weinstock, and B. E. Murray (2008)
Microbiology 154, 3199-3211
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: The molecular switch that activates the cell wall anchoring step of pilus assembly in gram-positive bacteria.
A. Mandlik, A. Das, and H. Ton-That (2008)
PNAS 105, 14147-14152
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sortases make pili from three ingredients.
S.-Y. Oh, J. M. Budzik, and O. Schneewind (2008)
PNAS 105, 13703-13704
   Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of the Sortases of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Assembly of the RlrA Pilus.
J. LeMieux, S. Woody, and A. Camilli (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 6002-6013
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bacterial species exhibit diversity in their mechanisms and capacity for protein disulfide bond formation.
R. J. Dutton, D. Boyd, M. Berkmen, and J. Beckwith (2008)
PNAS 105, 11933-11938
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amide bonds assemble pili on the surface of bacilli.
J. M. Budzik, L. A. Marraffini, P. Souda, J. P. Whitelegge, K. F. Faull, and O. Schneewind (2008)
PNAS 105, 10215-10220
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Borrelia burgdorferi Uniquely Regulates Its Motility Genes and Has an Intricate Flagellar Hook-Basal Body Structure.
M. S. Sal, C. Li, M. A. Motalab, S. Shibata, S.-I. Aizawa, and N. W. Charon (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 1912-1921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)