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Science 7 September 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5843, pp. 1400 - 1402
DOI: 10.1126/science.1143708
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Reports

The Fusarium graminearum Genome Reveals a Link Between Localized Polymorphism and Pathogen Specialization

Christina A. Cuomo,1 Ulrich Güldener,2,3 Jin-Rong Xu,4 Frances Trail,5 B. Gillian Turgeon,6 Antonio Di Pietro,7 Jonathan D. Walton,5 Li-Jun Ma,1 Scott E. Baker,8 Martijn Rep,9 Gerhard Adam,10 John Antoniw,11 Thomas Baldwin,11 Sarah Calvo,1 Yueh-Long Chang,12 David DeCaprio,1 Liane R. Gale,12 Sante Gnerre,1 Rubella S. Goswami,12 Kim Hammond-Kosack,11 Linda J. Harris,13 Karen Hilburn,14 John C. Kennell,15 Scott Kroken,16 Jon K. Magnuson,8 Gertrud Mannhaupt,3 Evan Mauceli,1 Hans-Werner Mewes,2,3 Rudolf Mitterbauer,10 Gary Muehlbauer,12 Martin Münsterkötter,3 David Nelson,17 Kerry O'Donnell,18 Thérèse Ouellet,13 Weihong Qi,5 Hadi Quesneville,19 M. Isabel G. Roncero,7 Kye-Yong Seong,12 Igor V. Tetko,3,21 Martin Urban,11 Cees Waalwijk,20 Todd J. Ward,18 Jiqiang Yao,4 Bruce W. Birren,1 H. Corby Kistler12,14*

We sequenced and annotated the genome of the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum, a major pathogen of cultivated cereals. Very few repetitive sequences were detected, and the process of repeat-induced point mutation, in which duplicated sequences are subject to extensive mutation, may partially account for the reduced repeat content and apparent low number of paralogous (ancestrally duplicated) genes. A second strain of F. graminearum contained more than 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which were frequently located near telomeres and within other discrete chromosomal segments. Many highly polymorphic regions contained sets of genes implicated in plant-fungus interactions and were unusually divergent, with higher rates of recombination. These regions of genome innovation may result from selection due to interactions of F. graminearum with its plant hosts.

1 Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
2 Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
3 Institute for Bioinformatics, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
4 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
5 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
6 Cornell University, Ithaca,NY14853,USA.
7 Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
8 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
9 University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
10 BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
11 Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
12 University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
13 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
14 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
15 St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
16 University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
17 University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
18 USDA ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
19 Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
20 Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands.
21 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Photochemistry, National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hckist{at}umn.edu

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