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The cellular immune response to tissue damage and infectionrequires the recruitment of blood leukocytes. This process ismediated through a classical multistep mechanism, which involvestransient rolling on the endothelium and recognition of inflammationfollowed by extravasation. We have shown, by direct examinationof blood monocyte functions in vivo, that a subset of monocytespatrols healthy tissues through long-range crawling on the restingendothelium. This patrolling behavior depended on the integrinLFA-1 and the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and was required forrapid tissue invasion at the site of an infection by this "resident"monocyte population, which initiated an early immune responseand differentiated into macrophages.
1 Institut Nationale de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, and Cellular and Molecular imaging core facility, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. 2 University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France. 3 Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France. 4 INSERM U668, Unité de Développement des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. 5 INSERM E03-44, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Nice, France.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geissmann{at}necker.fr
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