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Science 20 July 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5836, p. 337
DOI: 10.1126/science.1142596
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Tumor Growth Need Not Be Driven by Rare Cancer Stem Cells

Priscilla N. Kelly,1,2 Aleksandar Dakic,1,2 Jerry M. Adams,1* Stephen L. Nutt,1* Andreas Strasser1*{dagger}

The cancer stem cell hypothesis postulates that tumor growth is driven by a rare subpopulation of tumor cells. Much of the supporting evidence for this intriguing idea is derived from xenotransplantation experiments in which human leukemia cells are grown in immunocompromised mice. We show that, when lymphomas and leukemias of mouse origin are transplanted into histocompatible mice, a very high frequency (at least 1 in 10) of the tumor cells can seed tumor growth. We suggest that the low frequency of tumor-sustaining cells observed in xenotransplantation studies may reflect the limited ability of human tumor cells to adapt to growth in a foreign (mouse) milieu.

1 Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3050, Australia.
2 Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.

* These authors contributed equally to this study.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: strasser{at}wehi.edu.au

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