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Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes
Robert M. Waterhouse,1Evgenia V. Kriventseva,2,3Stephan Meister,1Zhiyong Xi,4Kanwal S. Alvarez,5Lyric C. Bartholomay,6Carolina Barillas-Mury,7Guowu Bian,5Stephanie Blandin,8Bruce M. Christensen,9Yuemei Dong,4Haobo Jiang,10Michael R. Kanost,11Anastasios C. Koutsos,1Elena A. Levashina,8Jianyong Li,12Petros Ligoxygakis,13Robert M. MacCallum,1George F. Mayhew,9Antonio Mendes,1Kristin Michel,1Mike A. Osta,1Susan Paskewitz,14Sang Woon Shin,5Dina Vlachou,1Lihui Wang,13Weiqi Wei,15,16Liangbiao Zheng,15,17Zhen Zou,10David W. Severson,18Alexander S. Raikhel,5Fotis C. Kafatos,1*George Dimopoulos,4*Evgeny M. Zdobnov,3,19,1*George K. Christophides1*
Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic and viral diseases of immenseimportance for public health. The acquisition of the genomesequence of the yellow fever and Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti(Aa), has enabled a comparative phylogenomic analysis of theinsect immune repertoire: in Aa, the malaria vector Anophelesgambiae (Ag), and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Dm).Analysis of immune signaling pathways and response modules revealsboth conservative and rapidly evolving features associated withdifferent functional gene categories and particular aspectsof immune reactions. These dynamics reflect in part continuousreadjustment between accommodation and rejection of pathogensand suggest how innate immunity may have evolved.
1 Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. 3 Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. 4 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. 5 Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. 6 Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. 7 Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Twinbrook III Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892–8132, USA. 8 CNRS Unité Propre de Recherche 9022, Avenir-Inserm, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France. 9 Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 10 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. 11 Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 12 Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. 13 Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 14 Russell Labs, Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 15 Yale University School of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. 16 Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning, Fujian, China. 17 Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China. 18 Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556, USA. 19 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: g.christophides{at}imperial.ac.uk (G.K.C.); zdobnov{at}medecine.unige.ch (E.M.Z.); f.kafatos{at}imperial.ac.uk (F.C.K.)
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[DOI: 10.1126/science.1138878] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
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36, D271-D275
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To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: 
