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Science 8 June 2007:
Vol. 316. no. 5830, pp. 1444 - 1448
DOI: 10.1126/science.1135923
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Review

Imaging Atomic Structure and Dynamics with Ultrafast X-ray Scattering

K. J. Gaffney1 and H. N. Chapman2

Measuring atomic-resolution images of materials with x-ray photons during chemical reactions or physical transformations resides at the technological forefront of x-ray science. New x-ray–based experimental capabilities have been closely linked with advances in x-ray sources, a trend that will continue with the impending arrival of x-ray–free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators. We discuss recent advances in ultrafast x-ray science and coherent imaging made possible by linear-accelerator–based light sources. These studies highlight the promise of ultrafast x-ray lasers, as well as the technical challenges and potential range of applications that will accompany these transformative x-ray light sources.

1 PULSE Center, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. E-mail: kgaffney{at}slac.stanford.edu
2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. E-mail: henry.chapman{at}llnl.gov

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