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Originally published in Science Express on 19 April 2007
Science 4 May 2007:
Vol. 316. no. 5825, pp. 744 - 747
DOI: 10.1126/science.1142612
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Reports

Developmentally Regulated piRNA Clusters Implicate MILI in Transposon Control

Alexei A. Aravin, Ravi Sachidanandam, Angelique Girard, Katalin Fejes-Toth, Gregory J. Hannon*

Nearly half of the mammalian genome is composed of repeated sequences. In Drosophila, Piwi proteins exert control over transposons. However, mammalian Piwi proteins, MIWI and MILI, partner with Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are depleted of repeat sequences, which raises questions about a role for mammalian Piwi's in transposon control. A search for murine small RNAs that might program Piwi proteins for transposon suppression revealed developmentally regulated piRNA loci, some of which resemble transposon master control loci of Drosophila. We also find evidence of an adaptive amplification loop in which MILI catalyzes the formation of piRNA 5' ends. Mili mutants derepress LINE-1 (L1) and intracisternal A particle and lose DNA methylation of L1 elements, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved role for PIWI proteins in transposon suppression.

Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hannon{at}cshl.edu

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