Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 13 April 2007:
Vol. 316. no. 5822, pp. 222 - 234
DOI: 10.1126/science.1139247
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

Evolutionary and Biomedical Insights from the Rhesus Macaque Genome

Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium: *{dagger} Richard A. Gibbs,1,2 Jeffrey Rogers,3 Michael G. Katze,4 Roger Bumgarner,4 George M. Weinstock,1,2 Elaine R. Mardis,5 Karin A. Remington,6 Robert L. Strausberg,6 J. Craig Venter,6 Richard K. Wilson,5 Mark A. Batzer,7 Carlos D. Bustamante,8 Evan E. Eichler,9 Matthew W. Hahn,10 Ross C. Hardison,11 Kateryna D. Makova,11 Webb Miller,11 Aleksandar Milosavljevic,1,2 Robert E. Palermo,4 Adam Siepel,8 James M. Sikela,12 Tony Attaway,1,2 Stephanie Bell,1,2 Kelly E. Bernard,5 Christian J. Buhay,1,2 Mimi N. Chandrabose,1,2 Marvin Dao,1,2 Clay Davis,1,2 Kimberly D. Delehaunty,5 Yan Ding,1,2 Huyen H. Dinh,1,2 Shannon Dugan-Rocha,1,2 Lucinda A. Fulton,5 Ramatu Ayiesha Gabisi,1,2 Toni T. Garner,1,2 Jennifer Godfrey,5 Alicia C. Hawes,1,2 Judith Hernandez,1,2 Sandra Hines,1,2 Michael Holder,1,2 Jennifer Hume,1,2 Shalini N. Jhangiani,1,2 Vandita Joshi,1,2 Ziad Mohid Khan,1,2 Ewen F. Kirkness,6 Andrew Cree,1,2 R. Gerald Fowler,1,2 Sandra Lee,1,2 Lora R. Lewis,1,2 Zhangwan Li,1,2 Yih-shin Liu,1,2 Stephanie M. Moore,1,2 Donna Muzny,1,2 Lynne V. Nazareth,1,2 Dinh Ngoc Ngo,1,2 Geoffrey O. Okwuonu,1,2 Grace Pai,6 David Parker,1,2 Heidie A. Paul,1,2 Cynthia Pfannkoch,6 Craig S. Pohl,5 Yu-Hui Rogers,6 San Juana Ruiz,1,2 Aniko Sabo,1,2 Jireh Santibanez,1,2 Brian W. Schneider,1,2 Scott M. Smith,5 Erica Sodergren,1,2 Amanda F. Svatek,1,2 Teresa R. Utterback,1,2 Selina Vattathil,1,2 Wesley Warren,5 Courtney Sherell White,1,2 Asif T. Chinwalla,5 Yucheng Feng,5 Aaron L. Halpern,6 LaDeana W. Hillier,5 Xiaoqiu Huang,13 Pat Minx,5 Joanne O. Nelson,5 Kymberlie H. Pepin,5 Xiang Qin,1,2 Granger G. Sutton,6 Eli Venter,6 Brian P. Walenz,6 John W. Wallis,5 Kim C. Worley,1,2 Shiaw-Pyng Yang,5 Steven M. Jones,14 Marco A. Marra,14 Mariano Rocchi,15 Jacqueline E. Schein,14 Robert Baertsch,16 Laura Clarke,17 Miklós Csürös,18 Jarret Glasscock,5 R. Alan Harris,1,2 Paul Havlak,1,2 Andrew R. Jackson,1,2 Huaiyang Jiang,1,2 Yue Liu,1,2 David N. Messina,5 Yufeng Shen,1,2 Henry Xing-Zhi Song,1,2 Todd Wylie,5 Lan Zhang,1,2 Ewan Birney,17 Kyudong Han,7 Miriam K. Konkel,7 Jungnam Lee,7 Arian F. A. Smit,19 Brygg Ullmer,20 Hui Wang,7 Jinchuan Xing,7,21 Richard Burhans,11 Ze Cheng,9 John E. Karro,11 Jian Ma,22 Brian Raney,22 Xinwei She,9 Michael J. Cox,12 Jeffery P. Demuth,10 Laura J. Dumas,12 Sang-Gook Han,10 Janet Hopkins,12 Anis Karimpour-Fard,23 Young H. Kim,24 Jonathan R. Pollack,24 Tomas Vinar,8 Charles Addo-Quaye,11 Jeremiah Degenhardt,8 Alexandra Denby,8 Melissa J. Hubisz,25 Amit Indap,8 Carolin Kosiol,8 Bruce T. Lahn,25,26 Heather A. Lawson,11 Alison Marklein,8 Rasmus Nielsen,27 Eric J. Vallender,25,26 Andrew G. Clark,28 Betsy Ferguson,29 Ryan D. Hernandez,8 Kashif Hirani,1,2 Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki,30 Jessica Kolb,30 Shobha Patil,1,2 Ling-Ling Pu,1,2 Yanru Ren,1,2 David Glenn Smith,3 David A. Wheeler,1,2 Ian Schenck,11 Edward V. Ball,31 Rui Chen,1,2 David N. Cooper,31 Belinda Giardine,11 Fan Hsu,22 W. James Kent,22 Arthur Lesk,11 David L. Nelson,2 William E. O'Brien,2 Kay Prüfer,32 Peter D. Stenson,31 James C. Wallace,4 Hui Ke,33 Xiao-Ming Liu,34 Peng Wang,33 Andy Peng Xiang,33 Fan Yang,33 Galt P. Barber,22 David Haussler,35,16 Donna Karolchik,22 Andy D. Kern,22 Robert M. Kuhn,22 Kayla E. Smith,22 Ann S. Zwieg22

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.

1 Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
3 Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
4 Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
5 Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
6 J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
7 Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Computation and Visualization Center, Center for BioModular Multi-scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
8 Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
9 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
10 Department of Biology and School of Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
11 Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
12 Human Medical Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
13 Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
14 Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
15 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
16 Department of Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
17 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
18 Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
19 Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103–8904, USA.
20 Center for Computation and Technology, Department of Computer Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
21 Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
22 Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
23 Department of Preventative Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
24 Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
25 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
26 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
27 Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1017, Denmark.
28 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
29 Genetics Research and Informatics Program, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
30 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
31 Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
32 Department Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
33 Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
34 South-China Primate Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510080, China.
35 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.

{dagger} All authors with their contributions and affiliations appear at the end of this paper.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Richard A. Gibbs, E-mail: agibbs{at}bcm.edu

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Exon-trapping mediated by the human retrotransposon SVA.
D. C. Hancks, A. D. Ewing, J. E. Chen, K. Tokunaga, and H. H. Kazazian Jr (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1983-1991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondrial Insertions into Primate Nuclear Genomes Suggest the Use of numts as a Tool for Phylogeny.
E. Hazkani-Covo (2009)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 2175-2179
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nonlinear Dynamics of Nonsynonymous (dN) and Synonymous (dS) Substitution Rates Affects Inference of Selection.
J. B. W. Wolf, A. Kunstner, K. Nam, M. Jakobsson, and H. Ellegren (2009)
Gen Biol Evol 2009, 308-319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence and structural variation in a human genome uncovered by short-read, massively parallel ligation sequencing using two-base encoding.
K. J. McKernan, H. E. Peckham, G. L. Costa, S. F. McLaughlin, Y. Fu, E. F. Tsung, C. R. Clouser, C. Duncan, J. K. Ichikawa, C. C. Lee, et al. (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1527-1541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estimating the Rate of Adaptive Molecular Evolution in the Presence of Slightly Deleterious Mutations and Population Size Change.
A. Eyre-Walker and P. D. Keightley (2009)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 2097-2108
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pancreatic islet amyloidosis, {beta}-cell apoptosis, and {alpha}-cell proliferation are determinants of islet remodeling in type-2 diabetic baboons.
R. Guardado-Mendoza, A. M. Davalli, A. O. Chavez, G. B. Hubbard, E. J. Dick, A. Majluf-Cruz, C. E. Tene-Perez, L. Goldschmidt, J. Hart, C. Perego, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 13992-13997
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Global discovery of primate-specific genes in the human genome.
S.-K. Tay, J. Blythe, and L. Lipovich (2009)
PNAS 106, 12019-12024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolutionary rate variation in Old World monkeys.
N. Elango, J. Lee, Z. Peng, Y.-H. E. Loh, and S. V. Yi (2009)
Biol Lett 5, 405-408
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
On the Origin and Evolution of Vertebrate Olfactory Receptor Genes: Comparative Genome Analysis Among 23 Chordate Species.
Y. Niimura (2009)
Gen Biol Evol 2009, 34-44
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estimates of Positive Darwinian Selection Are Inflated by Errors in Sequencing, Annotation, and Alignment.
A. Schneider, A. Souvorov, N. Sabath, G. Landan, G. H. Gonnet, and D. Graur (2009)
Gen Biol Evol 2009, 114-118
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
As in Humans, Pregnancy Increases the Clearance of the Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir in the Nonhuman Primate Macaca nemestrina.
H. Zhang, X. Wu, F. Chung, S. B. Naraharisetti, D. Whittington, A. Mirfazaelian, and J. D. Unadkat (2009)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 329, 1016-1022
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ABySS: A parallel assembler for short read sequence data.
J. T. Simpson, K. Wong, S. D. Jackman, J. E. Schein, S. J.M. Jones, and I. Birol (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1117-1123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sustained high-level polyclonal hematopoietic marking and transgene expression 4 years after autologous transplantation of rhesus macaques with SIV lentiviral vector-transduced CD34+ cells.
Y.-J. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, A. Larochelle, G. Renaud, T. G. Wolfsberg, R. Adler, R. E. Donahue, P. Hematti, B.-K. Hong, J. Roayaei, et al. (2009)
Blood 113, 5434-5443
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adaptive evolution of young gene duplicates in mammals.
M. V. Han, J. P. Demuth, C. L. McGrath, C. Casola, and M. W. Hahn (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 859-867
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative analysis of Alu repeats in primate genomes.
G. E. Liu, C. Alkan, L. Jiang, S. Zhao, and E. E. Eichler (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 876-885
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The difficulty of avoiding false positives in genome scans for natural selection.
S. Mallick, S. Gnerre, P. Muller, and D. Reich (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 922-933
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The apolipoprotein L family of programmed cell death and immunity genes rapidly evolved in primates at discrete sites of host-pathogen interactions.
E. E. Smith and H. S. Malik (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 850-858
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Breakpoint regions and homologous synteny blocks in chromosomes have different evolutionary histories.
D. M. Larkin, G. Pape, R. Donthu, L. Auvil, M. Welge, and H. A. Lewin (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 770-777
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reliabilities of identifying positive selection by the branch-site and the site-prediction methods.
M. Nozawa, Y. Suzuki, and M. Nei (2009)
PNAS 106, 6700-6705
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Copy number variants, diseases and gene expression.
C. N. Henrichsen, E. Chaignat, and A. Reymond (2009)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, R1-R8
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NKp44 expression, phylogenesis and function in non-human primate NK cells.
A. De Maria, E. Ugolotti, E. Rutjens, S. Mazza, L. Radic, A. Faravelli, G. Koopman, E. Di Marco, P. Costa, B. Ensoli, et al. (2009)
Int. Immunol. 21, 245-255
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
EnsemblCompara GeneTrees: Complete, duplication-aware phylogenetic trees in vertebrates.
A. J. Vilella, J. Severin, A. Ureta-Vidal, L. Heng, R. Durbin, and E. Birney (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 327-335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic evidence for a large-Z effect.
H. Ellegren (2009)
Proc R Soc B 276, 361-366
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Null Allele Impairs Function of CYP2C76 Gene in Cynomolgus Monkeys: A Possible Genetic Tool for Generation of a Better Animal Model in Drug Metabolism.
Y. Uno, H. Sakuraba, S. Uehara, T. Kumano, K. Matsuno, C. Nakamura, G. Kito, T. Kamataki, and R. Nagata (2009)
Drug Metab. Dispos. 37, 14-17
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kinomer v. 1.0: a database of systematically classified eukaryotic protein kinases.
D. M. A. Martin, D. Miranda-Saavedra, and G. J. Barton (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D244-D250
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ensembl 2009.
T. J. P. Hubbard, B. L. Aken, S. Ayling, B. Ballester, K. Beal, E. Bragin, S. Brent, Y. Chen, P. Clapham, L. Clarke, et al. (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D690-D697
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MonkeySNP: a web portal for non-human primate single nucleotide polymorphisms.
S. Khouangsathiene, C. Pearson, S. Street, B. Ferguson, and C. Dubay (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 2645-2646
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental Regulation of the NMDA Receptor Subunits, NR3A and NR1, in Human Prefrontal Cortex.
M. A. Henson, A. C. Roberts, K. Salimi, S. Vadlamudi, R. M. Hamer, J. H. Gilmore, L. F. Jarskog, and B. D. Philpot (2008)
Cereb Cortex 18, 2560-2573
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pervasive positive selection on duplicated and nonduplicated vertebrate protein coding genes.
R. A. Studer, S. Penel, L. Duret, and M. Robinson-Rechavi (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 1393-1402
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Similar Numbers but Different Repertoires of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Humans and Chimpanzees.
Y. Go and Y. Niimura (2008)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 1897-1907
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of Production Frequency in the Sharing of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ TCRs between Macaques.
V. Venturi, H. Y. Chin, D. A. Price, D. C. Douek, and M. P. Davenport (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 2597-2609
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gain and loss of phosphorylation sites in human cancer.
P. Radivojac, P. H. Baenziger, M. G. Kann, M. E. Mort, M. W. Hahn, and S. D. Mooney (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, i241-i247
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DupMasker: A tool for annotating primate segmental duplications.
Z. Jiang, R. Hubley, A. Smit, and E. E. Eichler (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 1362-1368
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Empirical Test for Branch-Specific Positive Selection.
G. C. Nickel, D. L. Tefft, K. Goglin, and M. D. Adams (2008)
Genetics 179, 2183-2193
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Widespread Ultraconservation Divergence in Primates.
I. Ovcharenko (2008)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 1668-1676
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Population genetic analysis of shotgun assemblies of genomic sequences from multiple individuals.
I. Hellmann, Y. Mang, Z. Gu, P. Li, F. M. de la Vega, A. G. Clark, and R. Nielsen (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 1020-1029
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolutionary dynamics of segmental duplications from human Y-chromosomal euchromatin/heterochromatin transition regions.
S. Kirsch, C. Munch, Z. Jiang, Z. Cheng, L. Chen, C. Batz, E. E. Eichler, and W. Schempp (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 1030-1042
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Uprobe 2008: an online resource for universal overgo hybridization-based probe retrieval and design.
R. T. Sullivan, C. B. Morehouse, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, and J. W. Thomas (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, W149-W153
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome evolution in Caenorhabditis.
J. H. Thomas (2008)
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phylogeny-Aware Gap Placement Prevents Errors in Sequence Alignment and Evolutionary Analysis.
A. Loytynoja and N. Goldman (2008)
Science 320, 1632-1635
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overdispersion of the Molecular Clock Varies Between Yeast, Drosophila and Mammals.
T. Bedford, I. Wapinski, and D. L. Hartl (2008)
Genetics 179, 977-984
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Null mutations in human and mouse orthologs frequently result in different phenotypes.
B.-Y. Liao and J. Zhang (2008)
PNAS 105, 6987-6992
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of copy number variation in the rhesus macaque genome identifies candidate loci for evolutionary and human disease studies.
A. S. Lee, M. Gutierrez-Arcelus, G. H. Perry, E. J. Vallender, W. E. Johnson, G. M. Miller, J. O. Korbel, and C. Lee (2008)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 17, 1127-1136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
No effect of recombination on the efficacy of natural selection in primates.
K. Bullaughey, M. Przeworski, and G. Coop (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 544-554
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Physiological and Molecular Determinants of Insulin Action in the Baboon.
A. O. Chavez, J. C. Lopez-Alvarenga, M. E. Tejero, C. Triplitt, R. A. Bastarrachea, A. Sriwijitkamol, P. Tantiwong, V. S. Voruganti, N. Musi, A. G. Comuzzie, et al. (2008)
Diabetes 57, 899-908
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: TRIMCyp expression in Old World primates Macaca nemestrina and Macaca fascicularis.
G. Brennan, Y. Kozyrev, and S.-L. Hu (2008)
PNAS 105, 3569-3574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution.
M. Uddin, M. Goodman, O. Erez, R. Romero, G. Liu, M. Islam, J. C. Opazo, C. C. Sherwood, L. I. Grossman, and D. E. Wildman (2008)
PNAS 105, 3215-3220
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Genetic Analysis of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus: Rh01 Is an Epithelial Cell Tropism Factor.
A. E. Lilja, W. L. W. Chang, P. A. Barry, S. P. Becerra, and T. E. Shenk (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 2170-2181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutation-Selection Models of Codon Substitution and Their Use to Estimate Selective Strengths on Codon Usage.
Z. Yang and R. Nielsen (2008)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 568-579
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rats in the genomic era.
K. C. Worley, G. M. Weinstock, and R. A. Gibbs (2008)
Physiol Genomics 32, 273-282
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human PAML browser: a database of positive selection on human genes using phylogenetic methods.
G. C. Nickel, D. Tefft, and M. D. Adams (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D800-D808
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
28-Way vertebrate alignment and conservation track in the UCSC Genome Browser.
W. Miller, K. Rosenbloom, R. C. Hardison, M. Hou, J. Taylor, B. Raney, R. Burhans, D. C. King, R. Baertsch, D. Blankenberg, et al. (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1797-1808
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Accelerated Rate of Gene Gain and Loss in Primates.
M. W. Hahn, J. P. Demuth, and S.-G. Han (2007)
Genetics 177, 1941-1949
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A quantitative trait locus for variation in dopamine metabolism mapped in a primate model using reference sequences from related species.
N. B. Freimer, S. K. Service, R. A. Ophoff, A. J. Jasinska, K. McKee, A. Villeneuve, A. Belisle, J. N. Bailey, S. E. Breidenthal, M. J. Jorgensen, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 15811-15816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long oligonucleotide microarrays for African green monkey gene expression profile analysis.
B. Jacquelin, V. Mayau, G. Brysbaert, B. Regnault, O. M. Diop, F. Arenzana-Seisdedos, L. Rogge, J.-Y. Coppee, F. Barre-Sinoussi, A. Benecke, et al. (2007)
FASEB J 21, 3262-3271
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biased clustered substitutions in the human genome: The footprints of male-driven biased gene conversion.
T. R. Dreszer, G. D. Wall, D. Haussler, and K. S. Pollard (2007)
Genome Res. 17, 1420-1430
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomics, biogeography, and the diversification of placental mammals.
D. E. Wildman, M. Uddin, J. C. Opazo, G. Liu, V. Lefort, S. Guindon, O. Gascuel, L. I. Grossman, R. Romero, and M. Goodman (2007)
PNAS 104, 14395-14400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Encyclopedias of Life: From Diderot to the Yeti Crab.
G. Weissmann (2007)
FASEB J 21, 2267-2271
   Full Text »    PDF »
Endonuclease-independent insertion provides an alternative pathway for L1 retrotransposition in the human genome.
S. K. Sen, C. T. Huang, K. Han, and M. A. Batzer (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 3741-3751
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human-Specific Changes of Genome Structure Detected by Genomic Triangulation.
R. A. Harris, J. Rogers, and A. Milosavljevic (2007)
Science 316, 235-237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mobile DNA in Old World Monkeys: A Glimpse Through the Rhesus Macaque Genome.
K. Han, M. K. Konkel, J. Xing, H. Wang, J. Lee, T. J. Meyer, C. T. Huang, E. Sandifer, K. Hebert, E. W. Barnes, et al. (2007)
Science 316, 238-240
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Demographic Histories and Patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium in Chinese and Indian Rhesus Macaques.
R. D. Hernandez, M. J. Hubisz, D. A. Wheeler, D. G. Smith, B. Ferguson, J. Rogers, L. Nazareth, A. Indap, T. Bourquin, J. McPherson, et al. (2007)
Science 316, 240-243
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »

E-Letters:

Read all E-Letters

Polymorphisms, not disease alleles
Richard D Wood
Science Online, 6 Jul 2007 [Full text]

To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)