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CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes
Rodolphe Barrangou,1Christophe Fremaux,2Hélène Deveau,3Melissa Richards,1Patrick Boyaval,2Sylvain Moineau,3Dennis A. Romero,1Philippe Horvath2*
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)are a distinctive feature of the genomes of most Bacteria andArchaea and are thought to be involved in resistance to bacteriophages.We found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated newspacers derived from phage genomic sequences. Removal or additionof particular spacers modified the phage-resistance phenotypeof the cell. Thus, CRISPR, together with associated cas genes,provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificityis determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.
1 Danisco USA Inc., 3329 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53716, USA. 2 Danisco France SAS, Boîte Postale 10, F-86220 Dangé-Saint-Romain, France. 3 Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, G1K 7P4 Québec, Canada.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: philippe.horvath{at}danisco.com
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