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Coupling Diurnal Cytosolic Ca2+ Oscillations to the CAS-IP3 Pathway in Arabidopsis
Ru-Hang Tang,1*Shengcheng Han,1*Hailei Zheng,2,3,1*Charles W. Cook,1Christopher S. Choi,1Todd E. Woerner,4Robert B. Jackson,1Zhen-Ming Pei1
Various signaling pathways rely on changes in cytosolic calciumion concentration ([Ca2+]i). In plants, resting [Ca2+]i oscillatesdiurnally. We show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, [Ca2+]i oscillationsare synchronized to extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o)oscillations largely through the Ca2+-sensing receptor CAS.CAS regulates concentrations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3), whichinturndirects release of Ca2+ from internal stores.The oscillating amplitudes of [Ca2+]o and [Ca2+]i are controlledby soil Ca2+ concentrations and transpiration rates. The phaseand period of oscillations are likely determined by stomatalconductance. Thus, the internal concentration of Ca2+ in plantcells is constantly being actively revised.
1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. 2 Department of Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China. 3 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China. 4 Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zpei{at}duke.edu
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