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Science 22 December 2006:
Vol. 314. no. 5807, p. 1892
DOI: 10.1126/science.1130708
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Brevia

Ancient Noncoding Elements Conserved in the Human Genome

Byrappa Venkatesh,1* Ewen F. Kirkness,2* Yong-Hwee Loh,1 Aaron L. Halpern,3 Alison P. Lee,1 Justin Johnson,3 Nidhi Dandona,1 Lakshmi D. Viswanathan,3 Alice Tay,1 J. Craig Venter,3 Robert L. Strausberg,3 Sydney Brenner1

Cartilaginous fishes represent the living group of jawed vertebrates that diverged from the common ancestor of human and teleost fish lineages about 530 million years ago. We generated ~1.4x genome sequence coverage for a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), and compared this genome with the human genome to identify conserved noncoding elements (CNEs). The elephant shark sequence revealed twice as many CNEs as were identified by whole-genome comparisons between teleost fishes and human. The ancient vertebrate-specific CNEs in the elephant shark and human genomes are likely to play key regulatory roles in vertebrate gene expression.

1 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673.
2 Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
3 J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mcbbv{at}imcb.a-star.edu.sg (B.V.); ekirknes{at}tigr.org (E.F.K.)

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