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Science 15 December 2006:
Vol. 314. no. 5806, pp. 1776 - 1780
DOI: 10.1126/science.1133643
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Reports

A Secreted Serine-Threonine Kinase Determines Virulence in the Eukaryotic Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii

S. Taylor,1* A. Barragan,1,2* C. Su,1,3* B. Fux,1 S. J. Fentress,1 K. Tang,1 W. L. Beatty,1 H. El Hajj,4 M. Jerome,5 M. S. Behnke,5 M. White,5 J. C. Wootton,6 L. D. Sibley1{dagger}

Toxoplasma gondii strains differ dramatically in virulence despite being genetically very similar. Genetic mapping revealed two closely adjacent quantitative trait loci on parasite chromosome VIIa that control the extreme virulence of the type I lineage. Positional cloning identified the candidate virulence gene ROP18, a highly polymorphic serine-threonine kinase that was secreted into the host cell during parasite invasion. Transfection of the virulent ROP18 allele into a nonpathogenic type III strain increased growth and enhanced mortality by 4 to 5 logs. These attributes of ROP18 required kinase activity, which revealed that secretion of effectors is a major component of parasite virulence.

1 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
2 Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
3 Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
4 Unité Mixte de Recherche (Joint Research Unit) CNRS 5539, University Montpellier 2, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
5 Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
6 Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sibley{at}borcim.wustl.edu

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