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Isotopic Compositions of Cometary Matter Returned by Stardust
Kevin D. McKeegan,1*Jerome Aléon,2,3,4John Bradley,3Donald Brownlee,5Henner Busemann,6Anna Butterworth,7Marc Chaussidon,8Stewart Fallon,3,4Christine Floss,9Jamie Gilmour,10Matthieu Gounelle,11Giles Graham,3Yunbin Guan,12Philipp R. Heck,13Peter Hoppe,13Ian D. Hutcheon,3,4Joachim Huth,13Hope Ishii,3Motoo Ito,14Stein B. Jacobsen,15Anton Kearsley,16Laurie A. Leshin,17Ming-Chang Liu,1Ian Lyon,10Kuljeet Marhas,9Bernard Marty,8Graciela Matrajt,5Anders Meibom,11Scott Messenger,14Smail Mostefaoui,11Sujoy Mukhopadhyay,15Keiko Nakamura-Messenger,14,18Larry Nittler,6Russ Palma,19,20Robert O. Pepin,20Dimitri A. Papanastassiou,21François Robert,11Dennis Schlutter,20Christopher J. Snead,7Frank J. Stadermann,9Rhonda Stroud,22Peter Tsou,21Andrew Westphal,7Edward D. Young,1Karen Ziegler,1Laurent Zimmermann,8Ernst Zinner9
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositionsare heterogeneous among comet 81P/Wild 2 particle fragments;however, extreme isotopic anomalies are rare, indicating thatthe comet is not a pristine aggregate of presolar materials.Nonterrestrial nitrogen and neon isotope ratios suggest thatindigenous organic matter and highly volatile materials weresuccessfully collected. Except for a single 17O-enriched circumstellarstardust grain, silicate and oxide minerals have oxygen isotopiccompositions consistent with solar system origin. One refractorygrain is 16O-enriched, like refractory inclusions in meteorites,suggesting that Wild 2 contains material formed at high temperaturein the inner solar system and transported to the Kuiper beltbefore comet accretion.
1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1567, USA. 2 Centre de Spectrometrie Nucleaire et de Spectrometrie de Masse, Bat 104, 91405 Orsay Campus, France. 3 Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. 4 Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. 5 Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 6 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA. 7 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720–7450, USA. 8 Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et Geochimiques, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, 54501 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France. 9 McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. 10 School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. 11 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Matiere Extraterrestre, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France. 12 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 13 Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry Department, J.-J.-Becherweg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. 14 Robert M. Walker Laboratory for Space Science, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. 15 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 16 Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK. 17 Sciences and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. 18 Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058, USA. 19 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Minnesota State University, 141 Trafton Science Center N, Mankato, MN 56001, USA. 20 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. 21 Science Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. 22 Code 6360, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mckeegan{at}ess.ucla.edu
Michael F. A'Hearn (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1708.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1137083] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
PERSPECTIVE
Don S. Burnett (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1709.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1137084] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Don Brownlee, Peter Tsou, Jérôme Aléon, Conel M. O'D. Alexander, Tohru Araki, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Ron Bastien, Phil Bland, Pierre Bleuet, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Adrian Brearley, F. Brenker, Sean Brennan, John C. Bridges, Nigel D. Browning, John R. Brucato, E. Bullock, Mark J. Burchell, Henner Busemann, Anna Butterworth, Marc Chaussidon, Allan Cheuvront, Miaofang Chi, Mark J. Cintala, B. C. Clark, Simon J. Clemett, George Cody, Luigi Colangeli, George Cooper, Patrick Cordier, C. Daghlian, Zurong Dai, Louis D'Hendecourt, Zahia Djouadi, Gerardo Dominguez, Tom Duxbury, Jason P. Dworkin, Denton S. Ebel, Thanasis E. Economou, Sirine Fakra, Sam A. J. Fairey, Stewart Fallon, Gianluca Ferrini, T. Ferroir, Holger Fleckenstein, Christine Floss, George Flynn, Ian A. Franchi, Marc Fries, Z. Gainsforth, J.-P. Gallien, Matt Genge, Mary K. Gilles, Philipe Gillet, Jamie Gilmour, Daniel P. Glavin, Matthieu Gounelle, Monica M. Grady, Giles A. Graham, P. G. Grant, Simon F. Green, Faustine Grossemy, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Grossman, Yunbin Guan, Kenji Hagiya, Ralph Harvey, Philipp Heck, Gregory F. Herzog, Peter Hoppe, Friedrich Hörz, Joachim Huth, Ian D. Hutcheon, Konstantin Ignatyev, Hope Ishii, Motoo Ito, Damien Jacob, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jacobsen, Steven Jones, David Joswiak, Amy Jurewicz, Anton T. Kearsley, Lindsay P. Keller, H. Khodja, A.L. David Kilcoyne, Jochen Kissel, Alexander Krot, Falko Langenhorst, Antonio Lanzirotti, Loan Le, Laurie A. Leshin, J. Leitner, L. Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Ming-Chang Liu, K. Luening, Ian Lyon, Glen MacPherson, Matthew A. Marcus, Kuljeet Marhas, Bernard Marty, Graciela Matrajt, Kevin McKeegan, Anders Meibom, Vito Mennella, Keiko Messenger, Scott Messenger, Takashi Mikouchi, Smail Mostefaoui, Tomoki Nakamura, T. Nakano, M. Newville, Larry R. Nittler, Ichiro Ohnishi, Kazumasa Ohsumi, Kyoko Okudaira, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Russ Palma, Maria E. Palumbo, Robert O. Pepin, David Perkins, Murielle Perronnet, P. Pianetta, William Rao, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, François Robert, D. Rost, Alessandra Rotundi, Robert Ryan, Scott A. Sandford, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Dennis Schlutter, J. Sheffield-Parker, Alexandre Simionovici, Steven Simon, I. Sitnitsky, Christopher J. Snead, Maegan K. Spencer, Frank J. Stadermann, Andrew Steele, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda Stroud, Jean Susini, S. R. Sutton, Y. Suzuki, Mitra Taheri, Susan Taylor, Nick Teslich, Kazu Tomeoka, Naotaka Tomioka, Alice Toppani, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, David Troadec, Akira Tsuchiyama, Anthony J. Tuzzolino, Tolek Tyliszczak, K. Uesugi, Michael Velbel, Joe Vellenga, E. Vicenzi, L. Vincze, Jack Warren, Iris Weber, Mike Weisberg, Andrew J. Westphal, Sue Wirick, Diane Wooden, Brigitte Wopenka, Penelope Wozniakiewicz, Ian Wright, Hikaru Yabuta, Hajime Yano, Edward D. Young, Richard N. Zare, Thomas Zega, Karen Ziegler, Laurent Zimmerman, Ernst Zinner, and Michael Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1711.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135840] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
REPORTS
Friedrich Hörz, Ron Bastien, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, John C. Bridges, Donald E. Brownlee, Mark J. Burchell, Miaofang Chi, Mark J. Cintala, Zu Rong Dai, Zahia Djouadi, Gerardo Dominguez, Thanasis E. Economou, Sam A. J. Fairey, Christine Floss, Ian A. Franchi, Giles A. Graham, Simon F. Green, Philipp Heck, Peter Hoppe, Joachim Huth, Hope Ishii, Anton T. Kearsley, Jochen Kissel, Jan Leitner, Hugues Leroux, Kuljeet Marhas, Keiko Messenger, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Christopher Snead, Frank J. Stadermann, I, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda Stroud, Nick Teslich, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, A. J. Tuzzolino, David Troadec, Peter Tsou, Jack Warren, Andrew Westphal, Penelope Wozniakiewicz, Ian Wright, and Ernst Zinner (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1716.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135705] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
Scott A. Sandford, Jérôme Aléon, Conel M. O'D. Alexander, Tohru Araki, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Donald E. Brownlee, John R. Brucato, Mark J. Burchell, Henner Busemann, Anna Butterworth, Simon J. Clemett, George Cody, Luigi Colangeli, George Cooper, Louis D'Hendecourt, Zahia Djouadi, Jason P. Dworkin, Gianluca Ferrini, Holger Fleckenstein, George J. Flynn, Ian A. Franchi, Marc Fries, Mary K. Gilles, Daniel P. Glavin, Matthieu Gounelle, Faustine Grossemy, Chris Jacobsen, Lindsay P. Keller, A. L. David Kilcoyne, Jan Leitner, Graciela Matrajt, Anders Meibom, Vito Mennella, Smail Mostefaoui, Larry R. Nittler, Maria E. Palumbo, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, François Robert, Alessandra Rotundi, Christopher J. Snead, Maegan K. Spencer, Frank J. Stadermann, Andrew Steele, Thomas Stephan, Peter Tsou, Tolek Tyliszczak, Andrew J. Westphal, Sue Wirick, Brigitte Wopenka, Hikaru Yabuta, Richard N. Zare, and Michael E. Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1720.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135841] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
Lindsay P. Keller, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Don E. Brownlee, Henner Busemann, John R. Brucato, Mark Burchell, Luigi Colangeli, Louis d'Hendecourt, Zahia Djouadi, Gianluca Ferrini, George Flynn, Ian A. Franchi, Marc Fries, Monica M. Grady, Giles A. Graham, Faustine Grossemy, Anton Kearsley, Graciela Matrajt, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, Vito Mennella, Larry Nittler, Maria E. Palumbo, Frank J. Stadermann, Peter Tsou, Alessandra Rotundi, Scott A. Sandford, Christopher Snead, Andrew Steele, Diane Wooden, and Mike Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1728.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135796] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
George J. Flynn, Pierre Bleuet, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Frank E. Brenker, Sean Brennan, John Bridges, Don E. Brownlee, Emma S. Bullock, Manfred Burghammer, Benton C. Clark, Zu Rong Dai, Charles P. Daghlian, Zahia Djouadi, Sirine Fakra, Tristan Ferroir, Christine Floss, Ian A. Franchi, Zack Gainsforth, Jean-Paul Gallien, Philippe Gillet, Patrick G. Grant, Giles A. Graham, Simon F. Green, Faustine Grossemy, Philipp R. Heck, Gregory F. Herzog, Peter Hoppe, Friedrich Hörz, Joachim Huth, Konstantin Ignatyev, Hope A. Ishii, Koen Janssens, David Joswiak, Anton T. Kearsley, Hicham Khodja, Antonio Lanzirotti, Jan Leitner, Laurence Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Katharina Luening, Glenn J. MacPherson, Kuljeet K. Marhas, Matthew A. Marcus, Graciela Matrajt, Tomoki Nakamura, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, Tsukasa Nakano, Matthew Newville, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Piero Pianetta, William Rao, Christian Riekel, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, Detlef Rost, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Julie Sheffield-Parker, Alexandre Simionovici, Ilona Sitnitsky, Christopher J. Snead, Frank J. Stadermann, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda M. Stroud, Jean Susini, Yoshio Suzuki, Stephen R. Sutton, Susan Taylor, Nick Teslich, D. Troadec, Peter Tsou, Akira Tsuchiyama, Kentaro Uesugi, Bart Vekemans, Edward P. Vicenzi, Laszlo Vincze, Andrew J. Westphal, Penelope Wozniakiewicz, Ernst Zinner, and Michael E. Zolensky (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1731.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1136141] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REPORTS
Michael E. Zolensky, Thomas J. Zega, Hajime Yano, Sue Wirick, Andrew J. Westphal, Mike K. Weisberg, Iris Weber, Jack L. Warren, Michael A. Velbel, Akira Tsuchiyama, Peter Tsou, Alice Toppani, Naotaka Tomioka, Kazushige Tomeoka, Nick Teslich, Mitra Taheri, Jean Susini, Rhonda Stroud, Thomas Stephan, Frank J. Stadermann, Christopher J. Snead, Steven B. Simon, Alexandre Simionovici, Thomas H. See, François Robert, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, William Rao, Murielle C. Perronnet, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Kyoko Okudaira, Kazumasa Ohsumi, Ichiro Ohnishi, Keiko Nakamura-Messenger, Tomoki Nakamura, Smail Mostefaoui, Takashi Mikouchi, Anders Meibom, Graciela Matrajt, Matthew A. Marcus, Hugues Leroux, Laurence Lemelle, Loan Le, Antonio Lanzirotti, Falko Langenhorst, Alexander N. Krot, Lindsay P. Keller, Anton T. Kearsley, David Joswiak, Damien Jacob, Hope Ishii, Ralph Harvey, Kenji Hagiya, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Grossman, Giles A. Graham, Matthieu Gounelle, Philippe Gillet, Matthew J. Genge, George Flynn, Tristan Ferroir, Stewart Fallon, Denton S. Ebel, Zu Rong Dai, Patrick Cordier, Benton Clark, Miaofang Chi, Anna L. Butterworth, Donald E. Brownlee, John C. Bridges, Sean Brennan, Adrian Brearley, John P. Bradley, Pierre Bleuet, Phil A. Bland, and Ron Bastien (15 December 2006) Science314 (5806), 1735.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1135842] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
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