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ReportsMicrowave-Induced Cooling of a Superconducting Qubit
We demonstrated microwave-induced cooling in a superconducting flux qubit. The thermal population in the first-excited state of the qubit is driven to a higher-excited state by way of a sideband transition. Subsequent relaxation into the ground state results in cooling. Effective temperatures as low as
1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sov{at}mit.edu
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3 millikelvin are achieved for bath temperatures of 30 to 400 millikelvin, a cooling factor between 10 and 100. This demonstration provides an analog to optical cooling of trapped ions and atoms and is generalizable to other solid-state quantum systems. Active cooling of qubits, applied to quantum information science, provides a means for qubit-state preparation with improved fidelity and for suppressing decoherence in multi-qubit systems. 
Present address: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 
Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)
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