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Genomic Insights into the Immune System of the Sea Urchin
Jonathan P. Rast,1*L. Courtney Smith,2Mariano Loza-Coll,1Taku Hibino,1Gary W. Litman3,4
Comparative analysis of the sea urchin genome has broad implicationsfor the primitive state of deuterostome host defense and thegenetic underpinnings of immunity in vertebrates. The sea urchinhas an unprecedented complexity of innate immune recognitionreceptors relative to other animal species yet characterized.These receptor genes include a vast repertoire of 222 Toll-likereceptors, a superfamily of more than 200 NACHT domain–leucine-richrepeat proteins (similar to nucleotide-binding and oligomerizationdomain (NOD) and NALP proteins of vertebrates), and a largefamily of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich proteins. More typicalnumbers of genes encode other immune recognition factors. Homologsof important immune and hematopoietic regulators, many of whichhave previously been identified only from chordates, as wellas genes that are critical in adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrates,also are present. The findings serve to underscore the dynamicutilization of receptors and the complexity of immune recognitionthat may be basal for deuterostomes and predicts features ofthe ancestral bilaterian form.
1 Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room S-126B, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2023 G Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida (USF) College of Medicine, USF/ACH (All Children's Hospital) Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA. 4 H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jrast{at}sri.utoronto.ca
Eric H. Davidson (10 November 2006) Science314 (5801), 939.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1136252] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
PERSPECTIVE
John S. Pearse (10 November 2006) Science314 (5801), 940.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1131888] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium, Erica Sodergren, George M. Weinstock, Eric H Davidson, R. Andrew Cameron, Richard A. Gibbs, Robert C. Angerer, Lynne M. Angerer, Maria Ina Arnone, David R. Burgess, Robert D. Burke, James A. Coffman, Michael Dean, Maurice R. Elphick, Charles A. Ettensohn, Kathy R. Foltz, Amro Hamdoun, Richard O. Hynes, William H. Klein, William Marzluff, David R. McClay, Robert L. Morris, Arcady Mushegian, Jonathan P. Rast, L. Courtney Smith, Michael C. Thorndyke, Victor D. Vacquier, Gary M. Wessel, Greg Wray, Lan Zhang, Christine G. Elsik, Olga Ermolaeva, Wratko Hlavina, Gretchen Hofmann, Paul Kitts, Melissa J. Landrum, Aaron J. Mackey, Donna Maglott, Georgia Panopoulou, Albert J. Poustka, Kim Pruitt, Victor Sapojnikov, Xingzhi Song, Alexandre Souvorov, Victor Solovyev, Zheng Wei, Charles A. Whittaker, Kim Worley, K. James Durbin, Yufeng Shen, Olivier Fedrigo, David Garfield, Ralph Haygood, Alexander Primus, Rahul Satija, Tonya Severson, Manuel L. Gonzalez-Garay, Andrew R. Jackson, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Mark Tong, Christopher E. Killian, Brian T. Livingston, Fred H. Wilt, Nikki Adams, Robert Bellé, Seth Carbonneau, Rocky Cheung, Patrick Cormier, Bertrand Cosson, Jenifer Croce, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Anne-Marie Genevière, Manisha Goel, Hemant Kelkar, Julia Morales, Odile Mulner-Lorillon, Anthony J. Robertson, Jared V. Goldstone, Bryan Cole, David Epel, Bert Gold, Mark E. Hahn, Meredith Howard-Ashby, Mark Scally, John J. Stegeman, Erin L. Allgood, Jonah Cool, Kyle M. Judkins, Shawn S. McCafferty, Ashlan M. Musante, Robert A. Obar, Amanda P. Rawson, Blair J. Rossetti, Ian R. Gibbons, Matthew P. Hoffman, Andrew Leone, Sorin Istrail, Stefan C. Materna, Manoj P. Samanta, Viktor Stolc, Waraporn Tongprasit, Qiang Tu, Karl-Frederik Bergeron, Bruce P. Brandhorst, James Whittle, Kevin Berney, David J. Bottjer, Cristina Calestani, Kevin Peterson, Elly Chow, Qiu Autumn Yuan, Eran Elhaik, Dan Graur, Justin T. Reese, Ian Bosdet, Shin Heesun, Marco A. Marra, Jacqueline Schein, Michele K. Anderson, Virginia Brockton, Katherine M. Buckley, Avis H. Cohen, Sebastian D. Fugmann, Taku Hibino, Mariano Loza-Coll, Audrey J. Majeske, Cynthia Messier, Sham V. Nair, Zeev Pancer, David P. Terwilliger, Cavit Agca, Enrique Arboleda, Nansheng Chen, Allison M. Churcher, F. Hallböök, Glen W. Humphrey, Mohammed M. Idris, Takae Kiyama, Shuguang Liang, Dan Mellott, Xiuqian Mu, Greg Murray, Robert P. Olinski, Florian Raible, Matthew Rowe, John S. Taylor, Kristin Tessmar-Raible, D. Wang, Karen H. Wilson, Shunsuke Yaguchi, Terry Gaasterland, Blanca E. Galindo, Herath J. Gunaratne, Celina Juliano, Masashi Kinukawa, Gary W. Moy, Anna T. Neill, Mamoru Nomura, Michael Raisch, Anna Reade, Michelle M. Roux, Jia L. Song, Yi-Hsien Su, Ian K. Townley, Ekaterina Voronina, Julian L. Wong, Gabriele Amore, Margherita Branno, Euan R. Brown, Vincenzo Cavalieri, Véronique Duboc, Louise Duloquin, Constantin Flytzanis, Christian Gache, François Lapraz, Thierry Lepage, Annamaria Locascio, Pedro Martinez, Giorgio Matassi, Valeria Matranga, Ryan Range, Francesca Rizzo, Eric Röttinger, Wendy Beane, Cynthia Bradham, Christine Byrum, Tom Glenn, Sofia Hussain, Gerard Manning, Esther Miranda, Rebecca Thomason, Katherine Walton, Athula Wikramanayke, Shu-Yu Wu, Ronghui Xu, C. Titus Brown, Lili Chen, Rachel F. Gray, Pei Yun Lee, Jongmin Nam, Paola Oliveri, Joel Smith, Donna Muzny, Stephanie Bell, Joseph Chacko, Andrew Cree, Stacey Curry, Clay Davis, Huyen Dinh, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Jerry Fowler, Rachel Gill, Cerrissa Hamilton, Judith Hernandez, Sandra Hines, Jennifer Hume, LaRonda Jackson, Angela Jolivet, Christie Kovar, Sandra Lee, Lora Lewis, George Miner, Margaret Morgan, Lynne V. Nazareth, Geoffrey Okwuonu, David Parker, Ling-Ling Pu, Rachel Thorn, and Rita Wright (10 November 2006) Science314 (5801), 941.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1133609] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
REVIEW
David J. Bottjer, Eric H. Davidson, Kevin J. Peterson, and R. Andrew Cameron (10 November 2006) Science314 (5801), 956.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1132310] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
REPORTS
Manoj P. Samanta, Waraporn Tongprasit, Sorin Istrail, R. Andrew Cameron, Qiang Tu, Eric H. Davidson, and Viktor Stolc (10 November 2006) Science314 (5801), 960.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1131898] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
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