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Gene Regulatory Networks in the Evolution and Development of the Heart
Eric N. Olson
The heart, an ancient organ and the first to form and functionduring embryogenesis, evolved by the addition of new structuresand functions to a primitive pump. Heart development is controlledby an evolutionarily conserved network of transcription factorsthat connect signaling pathways with genes for muscle growth,patterning, and contractility. During evolution, this ancestralgene network was expanded through gene duplication and co-optionof additional networks. Mutations in components of the cardiacgene network cause congenital heart disease, the most commonhuman birth defect. The consequences of such mutations revealthe logic of organogenesis and the evolutionary origins of morphologicalcomplexity.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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