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Science 28 July 2006:
Vol. 313. no. 5786, pp. 462 - 466
DOI: 10.1126/science.1123016
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Review

Origins of HIV and the Evolution of Resistance to AIDS

Jonathan L. Heeney,1* Angus G. Dalgleish,2 Robin A. Weiss3

The cross-species transmission of lentiviruses from African primates to humans has selected viral adaptations which have subsequently facilitated human-to-human transmission. HIV adapts not only by positive selection through mutation but also by recombination of segments of its genome in individuals who become multiply infected. Naturally infected nonhuman primates are relatively resistant to AIDS-like disease despite high plasma viral loads and sustained viral evolution. Further understanding of host resistance factors and the mechanisms of disease in natural primate hosts may provide insight into unexplored therapeutic avenues for the prevention of AIDS.

1 Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk 2280 GH, Netherlands.
2 St. George's Hospital Medical School, Division of Oncology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
3 Wohl Virion Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London W1T 4JF, UK.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: heeney{at}bprc.nl

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)