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Science 21 July 2006:
Vol. 313. no. 5785, pp. 314 - 318
DOI: 10.1126/science.1127895
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Review

Evolution of the Molecular Machines for Protein Import into Mitochondria

Pavel Dolezal,1,2 Vladimir Likic,2 Jan Tachezy,3 Trevor Lithgow1,2*

In creating mitochondria some 2 billion years ago, the first eukaryotes needed to establish protein import machinery in the membranes of what was a bacterial endosymbiont. Some of the preexisting protein translocation apparatus of the endosymbiont appears to have been commandeered, including molecular chaperones, the signal peptidase, and some components of the protein-targeting machinery. However, the protein translocases that drive protein import into mitochondria have no obvious counterparts in bacteria, making it likely that these machines were created de novo. The presence of similar translocase subunits in all eukaryotic genomes sequenced to date suggests that all eukaryotes can be considered descendants of a single ancestor species that carried an ancestral "protomitochondria."

1 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
2 Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville 3010, Australia.
3 Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: t.lithgow{at}unimelb.edu.au

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