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Originally published in Science Express on 1 June 2006
Science 7 July 2006:
Vol. 313. no. 5783, pp. 68 - 71
DOI: 10.1126/science.1128214
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Research Articles

Hierarchical Action and Inhibition of Plant Dicer-Like Proteins in Antiviral Defense

Angélique Deleris,1 Javier Gallego-Bartolome,1 Jinsong Bao,2 Kristin D. Kasschau,2 James C. Carrington,2 Olivier Voinnet1*

The mechanisms underlying induction and suppression of RNA silencing in the ongoing plant-virus arms race are poorly understood. We show here that virus-derived small RNAs produced by Arabidopsis Dicer-like 4 (DCL4) program an effector complex conferring antiviral immunity. Inhibition of DCL4 by a viral-encoded suppressor revealed the subordinate antiviral activity of DCL2. Accordingly, inactivating both DCL2 and DCL4 was necessary and sufficient to restore systemic infection of a suppressor-deficient virus. The effects of DCL2 were overcome by increasing viral dosage in inoculated leaves, but this could not surmount additional, non–cell autonomous effects of DCL4 specifically preventing viral unloading from the vasculature. These findings define a molecular framework for studying antiviral silencing and defense in plants.

1 Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 2357, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
2 Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: olivier.voinnet{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)