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Science 9 June 2006:
Vol. 312. no. 5779, pp. 1530 - 1533
DOI: 10.1126/science.1124226
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Reports

Preserved CD4+ Central Memory T Cells and Survival in Vaccinated SIV-Challenged Monkeys

Norman L. Letvin,1,2* John R. Mascola,1 Yue Sun,2 Darci A. Gorgone,2 Adam P. Buzby,2 Ling Xu,1 Zhi-yong Yang,1 Bimal Chakrabarti,1 Srinivas S. Rao,1 Jörn E. Schmitz,2 David C. Montefiori,3 Brianne R. Barker,2 Fred L. Bookstein,4,5 Gary J. Nabel1

Vaccine-induced cellular immunity controls virus replication in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected monkeys only transiently, leading to the question of whether such vaccines for AIDS will be effective. We immunized monkeys with plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding SIV proteins and then challenged them with pathogenic SIV. Although these monkeys demonstrated a reduction in viremia restricted to the early phase of SIV infection, they showed a prolonged survival. This survival was associated with preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and could be predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-induced cellular immune response. These immune correlates of vaccine efficacy should guide the evaluation of AIDS vaccines in humans.

1 Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
2 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
3 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
4 Department of Statistics and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
5 Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nletvin{at}bidmc.harvard.edu

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)