Reports

Nuclear Pores Form de Novo from Both Sides of the Nuclear Envelope

Maximiliano A. D'Angelo,^* Daniel J. Anderson,^* Erin Richard, Martin W. Hetzer

Nuclear pore complexes are multiprotein channels that span the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. How new pores are inserted into the intact nuclear envelope of proliferating and differentiating eukaryotic cells is unknown. We found that the Nup107-160 complex was incorporated into assembly sites in the nuclear envelope from both the nucleoplasmic and the cytoplasmic sides. Nuclear pore insertion required the generation of Ran guanosine triphosphate in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Newly formed nuclear pore complexes did not contain structural components of preexisting pores, suggesting that they can form de novo.

Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

^* These authors contributed equally to this work

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hetzer{at}salk.edu

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Sizing up the nucleus: nuclear shape, size and nuclear-envelope assembly.

M. Webster, K. L. Witkin, and O. Cohen-Fix (2009)
J. Cell Sci. 122, 1477-1486
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The nucleoporins Nup170p and Nup157p are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly.

T. Makio, L. H. Stanton, C.-C. Lin, D. S. Goldfarb, K. Weis, and R. W. Wozniak (2009)
J. Cell Biol. 185, 459-473
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Piecing together nuclear pore complex assembly during interphase.

M. Rexach (2009)
J. Cell Biol. 185, 377-379
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Assembly of nuclear pore complexes mediated by major vault protein.

F. Vollmar, C. Hacker, R.-P. Zahedi, A. Sickmann, A. Ewald, U. Scheer, and M.-C. Dabauvalle (2009)
J. Cell Sci. 122, 780-786
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ER membrane-bending proteins are necessary for de novo nuclear pore formation.

T. R. Dawson, M. D. Lazarus, M. W. Hetzer, and S. R. Wente (2009)
J. Cell Biol. 184, 659-675
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Reshaping of the endoplasmic reticulum limits the rate for nuclear envelope formation.

D. J. Anderson and M. W. Hetzer (2008)
J. Cell Biol. 182, 911-924
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Capture of AT-rich Chromatin by ELYS Recruits POM121 and NDC1 to Initiate Nuclear Pore Assembly.

B. A. Rasala, C. Ramos, A. Harel, and D. J. Forbes (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 3982-3996
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Nup53 Is Required for Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly.

L. A. Hawryluk-Gara, M. Platani, R. Santarella, R. W. Wozniak, and I. W. Mattaj (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 1753-1762
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Systematic kinetic analysis of mitotic dis- and reassembly of the nuclear pore in living cells.

E. Dultz, E. Zanin, C. Wurzenberger, M. Braun, G. Rabut, L. Sironi, and J. Ellenberg (2008)
J. Cell Biol. 180, 857-865
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Shaping the endoplasmic reticulum into the nuclear envelope.

D. J. Anderson and M. W. Hetzer (2008)
J. Cell Sci. 121, 137-142
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Toward a High-Resolution View of Nuclear Dynamics.

L. Trinkle-Mulcahy and A. I. Lamond (2007)
Science 318, 1402-1407
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NSF- and SNARE-mediated membrane fusion is required for nuclear envelope formation and completion of nuclear pore complex assembly in Xenopus laevis egg extracts.

T. Baur, K. Ramadan, A. Schlundt, J. Kartenbeck, and H. H. Meyer (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 2895-2903
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Reversibility in nucleocytoplasmic transport.

R. B. Kopito and M. Elbaum (2007)
PNAS 104, 12743-12748
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The Karyopherin Kap95 Regulates Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly into Intact Nuclear Envelopes In Vivo.

K. J. Ryan, Y. Zhou, and S. R. Wente (2007)
Mol. Biol. Cell 18, 886-898
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