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Science 3 March 2006:
Vol. 311. no. 5765, pp. 1253 - 1256
DOI: 10.1126/science.1123339
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Review

Auxiliary Subunits Assist AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors

Roger A. Nicoll,1,2* Susumu Tomita,2{dagger} David S. Bredt2{ddagger}

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, acts primarily on two types of ionotropic receptors: {alpha}-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Work over the past decade indicates that regulated changes in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors may serve as a mechanism for information storage. Recent studies demonstrate that a family of small transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) controls both AMPA receptor trafficking and channel gating. TARPs provide the first example of auxiliary subunits of ionotropic receptors. Here we review the pivotal role that TARPs play in the life cycle of AMPA receptors.

1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
2 Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nicoll{at}cmp.ucsf.edu

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