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Science 4 November 2005:
Vol. 310. no. 5749, pp. 805 - 810
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112070
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Review

Patterning and Plasticity of the Cerebral Cortex

Mriganka Sur1* and John L. R. Rubenstein2*

The cerebral cortex of the human brain is a sheet of about 10 billion neurons divided into discrete subdivisions or areas that process particular aspects of sensation, movement, and cognition. Recent evidence has begun to transform our understanding of how cortical areas form, make specific connections with other brain regions, develop unique processing networks, and adapt to changes in inputs.

1 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 46-6237, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
2 Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, 1550 4th Street, 2nd Floor South, Room GD 284C, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143–2611, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: msur{at}mit.edu (M.S.); john.rubenstein{at}ucsf.edu (J.L.R.R.)

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