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Science 5 August 2005:
Vol. 309. no. 5736, pp. 938 - 940
DOI: 10.1126/science.1113833
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Reports

Rewiring of the Yeast Transcriptional Network Through the Evolution of Motif Usage

Jan Ihmels,1 Sven Bergmann,1 Maryam Gerami-Nejad,2 Itai Yanai,1 Mark McClellan,2 Judith Berman,2 Naama Barkai1*

Recent experiments revealed large-scale differences in the transcription programs of related species, yet little is known about the genetic basis underlying the evolution of gene expression and its contribution to phenotypic diversity. Here we describe a large-scale modulation of the yeast transcription program that is connected to the emergence of the capacity for rapid anaerobic growth. Genes coding for mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins display a strongly correlated expression pattern in Candida albicans, but this correlation is lost in the fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We provide evidence that this change in gene expression is connected to the loss of a specific cis-regulatory element from dozens of genes following the apparent whole-genome duplication event. Our results shed new light on the genetic mechanisms underlying the large-scale evolution of transcriptional networks.

1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Physics of Complex systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: naama.barkai{at}weizmann.ac.il

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