Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 15 July 2005:
Vol. 309. no. 5733, pp. 491 - 494
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112645
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Reports

Distinct Kinetic Changes in Neurotransmitter Release After SNARE Protein Cleavage

Takeshi Sakaba,* Alexander Stein, Reinhard Jahn, Erwin Neher*

Neurotransmitter release is triggered by calcium ions and depends critically on the correct function of three types of SNARE [soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] proteins. With use of the large calyx of Held presynaptic terminal from rats, we found that cleavage of different SNARE proteins by clostridial neurotoxins caused distinct kinetic changes in neurotransmitter release. When elevating calcium ion concentration directly at the presynaptic terminal with the use of caged calcium, cleavage of SNAP-25 by botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) produced a strong reduction in the calcium sensitivity for release, whereas cleavage of syntaxin using BoNT/C1 and synaptobrevin using tetanus toxin (TeNT) produced an all-or-nothing block without changing the kinetics of remaining vesicles. When stimulating release by calcium influx through channels, a difference between BoNT/C1 and TeNT emerged, which suggests that cleavage of synaptobrevin modifies the coupling between channels and release-competent vesicles.

Department of Neurobiology and Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eneher{at}gwdg.de (E.N.); tsakaba{at}gwdg.de (T.S.)

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Mechanisms underlying short-term modulation of transmitter release by presynaptic depolarization.
T. Hori and T. Takahashi (2009)
J. Physiol. 587, 2987-3000
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Capture and release of partially zipped trans-SNARE complexes on intact organelles.
M. L. Schwartz and A. J. Merz (2009)
J. Cell Biol. 185, 535-549
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of TRPV1 Mediates Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Release, Which Excites Trigeminal Sensory Neurons and Is Attenuated by a Retargeted Botulinum Toxin with Anti-Nociceptive Potential.
J. Meng, S. V. Ovsepian, J. Wang, M. Pickering, A. Sasse, K. R. Aoki, G. W. Lawrence, and J. O. Dolly (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 4981-4992
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SNAREs: Cogs and Coordinators in Signaling and Development.
D. C. Bassham and M. R. Blatt (2008)
Plant Physiology 147, 1504-1515
   Full Text »    PDF »
Ca-dependent Nonsecretory Vesicle Fusion in a Secretory Cell.
T.-M. Wang and D. W. Hilgemann (2008)
J. Gen. Physiol. 132, 51-65
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recovery of mouse neuromuscular junctions from single and repeated injections of botulinum neurotoxin A.
A. A. Rogozhin, K. K. Pang, E. Bukharaeva, C. Young, and C. R. Slater (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 3163-3182
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Chimeras of Botulinum Neurotoxins A and E Unveil Contributions from the Binding, Translocation, and Protease Domains to Their Functional Characteristics.
J. Wang, J. Meng, G. W. Lawrence, T. H. Zurawski, A. Sasse, M. O. Bodeker, M. A. Gilmore, E. Fernandez-Salas, J. Francis, L. E. Steward, et al. (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 16993-17002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Abilities of SNAP-25 Homologs to Support Neuronal Function.
I. Delgado-Martinez, R. B. Nehring, and J. B. Sorensen (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 9380-9391
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptobrevin I mediates exocytosis of CGRP from sensory neurons and inhibition by botulinum toxins reflects their anti-nociceptive potential.
J. Meng, J. Wang, G. Lawrence, and J. O. Dolly (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 2864-2874
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Effects of SNAP-25 Deletion on Ca2+-Dependent and Ca2+-Independent Neurotransmission.
P. Bronk, F. Deak, M. C. Wilson, X. Liu, T. C. Sudhof, and E. T. Kavalali (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 794-806
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ca2+-Secretion Coupling Is Impaired in Diabetic Goto Kakizaki rats.
T. Rose, S. Efendic, and M. Rupnik (2007)
J. Gen. Physiol. 129, 493-508
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamics of the readily releasable pool during post-tetanic potentiation in the rat calyx of Held synapse.
R. L. P. Habets and J. G. G. Borst (2007)
J. Physiol. 581, 467-478
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of AP-3 function affects spontaneous and evoked release at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
A. Scheuber, R. Rudge, L. Danglot, G. Raposo, T. Binz, J.-C. Poncer, and T. Galli (2006)
PNAS 103, 16562-16567
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Important Contribution of {alpha}-Neurexins to Ca2+-Triggered Exocytosis of Secretory Granules.
I. Dudanova, S. Sedej, M. Ahmad, H. Masius, V. Sargsyan, W. Zhang, D. Riedel, F. Angenstein, D. Schild, M. Rupnik, et al. (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 10599-10613
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BCL-xL Regulates Synaptic Plasticity.
E. Jonas (2006)
Mol. Interv. 6, 208-222
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural determinants of synaptobrevin 2 function in synaptic vesicle fusion..
F. Deak, O.-H. Shin, E. T. Kavalali, and T. C. Sudhof (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 6668-6676
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of the fast-releasing and the slowly releasing vesicles in synaptic transmission at the calyx of held..
T. Sakaba (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 5863-5871
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bruchpilot Promotes Active Zone Assembly, Ca2+ Channel Clustering, and Vesicle Release.
R. J. Kittel, C. Wichmann, T. M. Rasse, W. Fouquet, M. Schmidt, A. Schmid, D. A. Wagh, C. Pawlu, R. R. Kellner, K. I. Willig, et al. (2006)
Science 312, 1051-1054
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptic Transmission Mediated by Internal Calcium Stores in Rod Photoreceptors.
A. Suryanarayanan and M. M. Slaughter (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 1759-1766
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)