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NSP1 of the GRAS Protein Family Is Essential for Rhizobial Nod Factor-Induced Transcription
Patrick Smit,1John Raedts,1Vladimir Portyanko,2Frédéric Debellé,3Clare Gough,3Ton Bisseling,1*René Geurts1
Rhizobial Nod factors induce in their legume hosts the expressionof many genes and set in motion developmental processes leadingto root nodule formation. Here we report the identificationof the Medicago GRAS-type protein Nodulation signaling pathway1 (NSP1), which is essential for all known Nod factor–inducedchanges in gene expression. NSP1 is constitutively expressed,and so it acts as a primary transcriptional regulator mediatingall known Nod factor–induced transcriptional responses,and therefore, we named it a Nod factor response factor.
1 Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6703 HA, Netherlands. 2 Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. 3 Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes INRA-CNRS, BP27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ton.bisseling{at}wur.nl
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