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Science 27 May 2005:
Vol. 308. no. 5726, pp. 1310 - 1314
DOI: 10.1126/science.1107891
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Reports

The Effects of Artificial Selection on the Maize Genome

Stephen I. Wright,1,3 Irie Vroh Bi,4* Steve G. Schroeder,4 Masanori Yamasaki,4 John F. Doebley,5 Michael D. McMullen,4,6 Brandon S. Gaut1,2{dagger}

Domestication promotes rapid phenotypic evolution through artificial selection. We investigated the genetic history by which the wild grass teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) was domesticated into modern maize (Z. mays ssp. mays). Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 774 genes indicates that 2 to 4% of these genes experienced artificial selection. The remaining genes retain evidence of a population bottleneck associated with domestication. Candidate selected genes with putative function in plant growth are clustered near quantitative trait loci that contribute to phenotypic differences between maize and teosinte. If we assume that our sample of genes is representative, ~1200 genes throughout the maize genome have been affected by artificial selection.

1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
2 Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
3 Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
4 Department of Agronomy, Plant Science Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
5 Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
6 Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

* Present address: Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bgaut{at}uci.edu

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)