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Science 20 May 2005:
Vol. 308. no. 5725, pp. 1139 - 1144
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112305
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Research Articles

Earth's Free Oscillations Excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake

Jeffrey Park,1 Teh-Ru Alex Song,2 Jeroen Tromp,2 Emile Okal,3 Seth Stein,3 Genevieve Roult,4 Eric Clevede,4 Gabi Laske,5 Hiroo Kanamori,2 Peter Davis,5 Jon Berger,5 Carla Braitenberg,6 Michel Van Camp,7 Xiang'e Lei,8 Heping Sun,8 Houze Xu,8 Severine Rosat9

At periods greater than 1000 seconds, Earth's seismic free oscillations have anomalously large amplitude when referenced to the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor fault mechanism, which is estimated from 300- to 500-second surface waves. By using more realistic rupture models on a steeper fault derived from seismic body and surface waves, we approximated free oscillation amplitudes with a seismic moment (6.5 x 1022 Newton·meters) that corresponds to a moment magnitude of 9.15. With a rupture duration of 600 seconds, the fault-rupture models represent seismic observations adequately but underpredict geodetic displacements that argue for slow fault motion beneath the Nicobar and Andaman islands.

1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, Post Office Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520–8109, USA.
2 Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 252–21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
3 Department of Geological Sciences, 1850 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208–2150, USA.
4 Departement de Sismologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
5 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0225, USA.
6 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita' di Trieste, Via Weiss 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
7 Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue Circulaire 3, B–1180 Bruxelles, Belgium.
8 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 174 Xudong Road, Wuhan 430077, China.
9 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2–12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Iwate 023–0861, Japan.

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