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Rupture Process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake
Charles J. Ammon,1*Chen Ji,2Hong-Kie Thio,3David Robinson,4Sidao Ni,5,2Vala Hjorleifsdottir,2Hiroo Kanamori,2Thorne Lay,6Shamita Das,4Don Helmberger,2Gene Ichinose,3Jascha Polet,7David Wald8
The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake initiated slowly,with small slip and a slow rupture speed for the first 40 to60 seconds. Then the rupture expanded at a speed of about 2.5kilometers per second toward the north northwest, extending1200 to 1300 kilometers along the Andaman trough. Peak displacementsreached 15 meters along a 600-kilometer segment of the plateboundary offshore of northwestern Sumatra and the southern Nicobarislands. Slip was less in the northern 400 to 500 kilometersof the aftershock zone, and at least some slip in that regionmay have occurred on a time scale beyond the seismic band.
1 Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 440 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. 2 Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 3 URS Corporation, 566 El Dorado Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA. 4 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK. 5 Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. 6 Earth Sciences Department and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. 7 Institute for Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. 8 National Earthquake Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Golden, CO 80401, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cammon{at}geosc.psu.edu
Active deformation across the Sumatran forearc over the December 2004 Mw9.2 rupture.
D. Fisher, D. Mosher, J. A. Austin Jr, S. P.S. Gulick, T. Masterlark, and K. Moran (2007)
Geology
35, 99-102
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Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
S. L. Bilek, K. Satake, and K. Sieh (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S1-S5
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Comparative Analysis of the Free Oscillations Generated by the Sumatra- Andaman Islands 2004 and the Chile 1960 Earthquakes.
C. Braitenberg and M. Zadro (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S6-S17
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The Energy Radiated by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Estimated from 10-Minute P-Wave Windows.
G. L. Choy and J. Boatwright (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S18-S24
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Seismicity Associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 December 2004.
J. W. Dewey, G. Choy, B. Presgrave, S. Sipkin, A. C. Tarr, H. Benz, P. Earle, and D. Wald (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S25-S42
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Teleseismic Relocation and Assessment of Seismicity (1918-2005) in the Region of the 2004 Mw 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman and 2005 Mw 8.6 Nias Island Great Earthquakes.
E. R. Engdahl, A. Villasenor, H. R. DeShon, and C. H. Thurber (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S43-S61
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Using Earthquake Source Durations along the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction System to Examine Fault-Zone Variations.
S. L. Bilek (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S62-S70
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Aftershock Investigation in the Andaman-Nicobar Islands of India and Its Seismotectonic Implications.
O. P. Mishra, J. R. Kayal, G. K. Chakrabortty, O. P. Singh, and D. Ghosh (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S71-S85
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Coseismic Slip Distributions of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman and 28 March 2005 Nias Earthquakes from GPS Static Offsets.
P. Banerjee, F. Pollitz, B. Nagarajan, and R. Burgmann (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S86-S102
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Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green's Function Analysis.
M. Vallee (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S103-S114
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Slip of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from Joint Inversion of Long-Period Global Seismic Waveforms and GPS Static Offsets.
J. Rhie, D. Dreger, R. Burgmann, and B. Romanowicz (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S115-S127
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Constraining the Overall Kinematics of the 2004 Sumatra and the 2005 Nias Earthquakes Using the Earth's Gravest Free Oscillations.
S. Lambotte, L. Rivera, and J. Hinderer (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S128-S138
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Simulated Strong Ground Motions for the Great M 9.3 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004.
M. B. Sorensen, K. Atakan, and N. Pulido (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S139-S151
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Coseismic Slip and Afterslip of the Great Mw 9.15 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 2004.
M. Chlieh, J.-P. Avouac, V. Hjorleifsdottir, T.-R. A. Song, C. Ji, K. Sieh, A. Sladen, H. Hebert, L. Prawirodirdjo, Y. Bock, et al. (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S152-S173
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Crustal Deformation and Seismic History Associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake: A Perspective from the Andaman-Nicobar Islands.
C. P. Rajendran, K. Rajendran, R. Anu, A. Earnest, T. Machado, P. M. Mohan, and J. Freymueller (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S174-S191
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Tsunami Source of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Inferred from Tide Gauge and Satellite Data.
Y. Fujii and K. Satake (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S192-S207
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Numerical Modeling of the Great 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Focus on the Mascarene Islands.
H. Hebert, A. Sladen, and F. Schindele (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S208-S222
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Rupture Process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from Tsunami Waveform Inversion.
A. Piatanesi and S. Lorito (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S223-S231
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
High-Frequency Tsunami Signals of the Great Indonesian Earthquakes of 26 December 2004 and 28 March 2005.
J. A. Hanson, C. L. Reasoner, and J. R. Bowman (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S232-S248
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Implications of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake on Tsunami Forecast and Assessment Models for Great Subduction-Zone Earthquakes.
E. L. Geist, V. V. Titov, D. Arcas, F. F. Pollitz, and S. L. Bilek (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S249-S270
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Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process.
S. Stein and E. A. Okal (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S279-S295
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Did the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Involve a Component of Tsunami Earthquakes?.
T. Seno and K. Hirata (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S296-S306
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Rupture Kinematics of the 2005 Mw 8.6 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake from the Joint Inversion of Seismic and Geodetic Data.
A. O. Konca, V. Hjorleifsdottir, T.-R. A. Song, J.-P. Avouac, D. V. Helmberger, C. Ji, K. Sieh, R. Briggs, and A. Meltzner (2007)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
97, S307-S322
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Rupture Propagation of the 2004 Parkfield, California, Earthquake from Observations at the UPSAR.
J. B. Fletcher, P. Spudich, and L. M. Baker (2006)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
96, S129-S142
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Crustal dilatation observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake..
S.-C. Han, C. K. Shum, M. Bevis, C. Ji, and C.-Y. Kuo (2006)
Science
313, 658-662
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Seafloor morphology of the Sumatran subduction zone: Surface rupture during megathrust earthquakes?.
T. J. Henstock, L. C. McNeill, and D. R. Tappin (2006)
Geology
34, 485-488
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Response to Comment on "The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004".
T. Lay, H. Kanamori, C. J. Ammon, M. Nettles, S. N. Ward, R. Aster, S. L. Beck, S. L. Bilek, M. R. Brudzinski, R. Butler, et al. (2005)
Science
310, 1431b
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Global Reach of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra Tsunami.
V. Titov, A. B. Rabinovich, H. O. Mofjeld, R. E. Thomson, and F. I. Gonzalez (2005)
Science
309, 2045-2048
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The Size and Duration of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from Far-Field Static Offsets.
The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004.
T. Lay, H. Kanamori, C. J. Ammon, M. Nettles, S. N. Ward, R. C. Aster, S. L. Beck, S. L. Bilek, M. R. Brudzinski, R. Butler, et al. (2005)
Science
308, 1127-1133
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Earth's Free Oscillations Excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake.
J. Park, T.-R. A. Song, J. Tromp, E. Okal, S. Stein, G. Roult, E. Clevede, G. Laske, H. Kanamori, P. Davis, et al. (2005)
Science
308, 1139-1144
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
15 meters along a 600-kilometer segment of the plate boundary offshore of northwestern Sumatra and the southern Nicobar islands. Slip was less in the northern 400 to 500 kilometers of the aftershock zone, and at least some slip in that region may have occurred on a time scale beyond the seismic band. 
