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Science 18 February 2005:
Vol. 307. no. 5712, pp. 1118 - 1121
DOI: 10.1126/science.1105783
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Reports

Learned Predictions of Error Likelihood in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Joshua W. Brown* and Todd S. Braver

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the related medial wall play a critical role in recruiting cognitive control. Although ACC exhibits selective error and conflict responses, it has been unclear how these develop and become context-specific. With use of a modified stop-signal task, we show from integrated computational neural modeling and neuroimaging studies that ACC learns to predict error likelihood in a given context, even for trials in which there is no error or response conflict. These results support a more general error-likelihood theory of ACC function based on reinforcement learning, of which conflict and error detection are special cases.

Department of Psychology, CB 1125, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jwbrown{at}artsci.wustl.edu

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