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When the Stress of Your Environment Makes You Go HOG Wild
Patrick J. Westfall,Daniel R. Ballon,Jeremy Thorner*
When exposed to increased dissolved solute in their environment(hyperosmotic stress), all eukaryotic cells respond by rapidlyactivating a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade,known in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the highosmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway. Intensive genetic and biochemicalanalysis in this organism has revealed the presumptive osmosensors,downstream signaling components, and metabolic and transcriptionalchanges that allow cells to cope with this stressful condition.These findings have had direct application to understandingstress sensing and control of transcription by stress-activatedmitogen-activated protein kinases in mammalian cells.
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3202, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jeremy{at}socrates.berkeley.edu
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