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Microbial Factor-Mediated Development in a Host-Bacterial Mutualism
Tanya A. Koropatnick,1Jacquelyn T. Engle,2Michael A. Apicella,3Eric V. Stabb,4William E. Goldman,2Margaret J. McFall-Ngai1,5*
Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a fragment of the bacterial surfacemolecule peptidoglycan (PGN), is the factor responsible forthe extensive tissue damage characteristic of whooping coughand gonorrhea infections. Here, we report that Vibrio fischerialso releases TCT, which acts in synergy with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to trigger tissue development in its mutualistic symbiosiswith the squid Euprymna scolopes. As components of PGN and LPShave commonly been linked with pathogenesis in animals, thesefindings demonstrate that host interpretation of these bacterialsignal molecules is context dependent. Therefore, such differencesin interpretation can lead to either inflammation and diseaseor to the establishment of a mutually beneficial animal-microbeassociation.
1 Pacific Biomedical Research Center, Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. 2 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 3 Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. 4 Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. 5 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mjmcfallngai{at}wisc.edu
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PNAS
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