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The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects social information aboutgender, status, and individuality. The molecular cues carryingthis information remain largely unknown. Here, we show thatsmall peptides that serve as ligands for major histocompatibilitycomplex (MHC) class I molecules function also as sensory stimulifor a subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons located in the basalGao- and V2R receptorexpressing zone of the vomeronasalepithelium. In behaving mice, the same peptides function asindividuality signals underlying mate recognition in the contextof pregnancy block. MHC peptides constitute a previously unknownfamily of chemosensory stimuli by which MHC genotypic diversitycan influence social behavior.
1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. 2 Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 8AA, UK. 3 Institut für Physiologie, Universität Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. 4 Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: boehm{at}immunbio.mpg.de (T.B.); fzufa001{at}umaryland.edu (F.Z.)
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