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Science 23 July 2004:
Vol. 305. no. 5683, pp. 506 - 509
DOI: 10.1126/science.1097023

Reports

Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction

Jonathan L. Payne,1* Daniel J. Lehrmann,2 Jiayong Wei,3 Michael J. Orchard,4 Daniel P. Schrag,1 Andrew H. Knoll1

High-resolution carbon isotope measurements of multiple stratigraphic sections in south China demonstrate that the pronounced carbon isotopic excursion at the Permian-Triassic boundary was not an isolated event but the first in a series of large fluctuations that continued throughout the Early Triassic before ending abruptly early in the Middle Triassic. The unusual behavior of the carbon cycle coincides with the delayed recovery from end-Permian extinction recorded by fossils, suggesting a direct relationship between Earth system function and biological rediversification in the aftermath of Earth's most devastating mass extinction.

1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
2 Department of Geology, University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA.
3 Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Bagongli, Guiyang 550011, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
4 Geological Survey of Canada, 101-605 Robson Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jpayne{at}fas.harvard.edu

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Geobiological Aspects of the Earliest Triassic Microbialites Along the Southern Periphery of the Tropical Yangtze Platform: Initiation and Cessation of a Microbial Regime.
Y. Ezaki, J. Liu, T. Nagano, and N. Adachi (2008)
Palaios 23, 356-369
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS ON THE INITIATION AND GROWTH OF A MIDDLE TRIASSIC (ANISIAN) REEF COMPLEX ON THE GREAT BANK OF GUIZHOU, GUIZHOU PROVINCE, CHINA.
J. L. PAYNE, D. J. LEHRMANN, S. CHRISTENSEN, J. WEI, and A. H. KNOLL (2006)
Palaios 21, 325-343
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A Permian-Triassic boundary section at Quinn River Crossing, northwestern Nevada, and implications for the cause of the Early Triassic chert gap on the western Pangean margin.
E. A. Sperling and J. C. Ingle Jr. (2006)
GSA Bulletin 118, 733-746
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Phanerozoic marine biodiversity dynamics in light of the incompleteness of the fossil record.
P. J. Lu, M. Yogo, and C. R. Marshall (2006)
PNAS 103, 2736-2739
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Catastrophic soil erosion during the end-Permian biotic crisis.
M. A. Sephton, C. V. Looy, H. Brinkhuis, P. B. Wignall, J. W. de Leeuw, and H. Visscher (2005)
Geology 33, 941-944
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Massive release of hydrogen sulfide to the surface ocean and atmosphere during intervals of oceanic anoxia.
L. R. Kump, A. Pavlov, and M. A. Arthur (2005)
Geology 33, 397-400
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Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa.
P. D. Ward, J. Botha, R. Buick, M. O. De Kock, D. H. Erwin, G. H. Garrison, J. L. Kirschvink, and R. Smith (2005)
Science 307, 709-714
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The complexity of mass extinction.
H. W. Pfefferkorn (2004)
PNAS 101, 12779-12780
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)