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Science 9 July 2004:
Vol. 305. no. 5681, pp. 197 - 200
DOI: 10.1126/science.1099688
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Immunotherapy: Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered No More

Ralph M. Steinman1* and Ira Mellman2

The field of immunotherapy holds clear promise not only for the development of new approaches to cancer and other diseases, but also for providing fundamental insight into the human immune response. In order for this promise to be realized, however, the scientific community must overcome an array of challenges. These challenges reflect not only the difficulties inherent in conducting investigations in human patients, but also difficulties created by the culture and practice of our own institutions, reward structure, and funding mechanisms. We suggest steps to be taken to reinvigorate basic research in human subjects as part of the mainstream of science.

1 Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021–6399, USA.
2 Departments of Cell Biology and Immunobiology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, Post Office Box 208002, New Haven, CT 06520–8002, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: steinma{at}mail.rockefeller.edu

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E-Letters:

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Human Immunotherapy Research is Developing
Douglas J Veale, et al.
Science Online, 30 Jul 2004 [Full text]

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