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Science 16 April 2004:
Vol. 304. no. 5669, pp. 452 - 454
DOI: 10.1126/science.1094285
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Dissociable Roles of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Instrumental Conditioning

John O'Doherty,1* Peter Dayan,2 Johannes Schultz,1 Ralf Deichmann,1 Karl Friston,1 Raymond J. Dolan1

Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more frequently. We scanned human participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they engaged in instrumental conditioning. Our results suggest partly dissociable contributions of the ventral and dorsal striatum, with the former corresponding to the critic and the latter corresponding to the actor.

1 Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
2 Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: j.odoherty{at}fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk

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