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Research ArticlesSouthern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment: Carbon Cycling in High- and Low-Si Waters
The availability of iron is known to exert a controlling influence on biological productivity in surface waters over large areas of the ocean and may have been an important factor in the variation of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over glacial cycles. The effect of iron in the Southern Ocean is particularly important because of its large area and abundant nitrate, yet iron-enhanced growth of phytoplankton may be differentially expressed between waters with high silicic acid in the south and low silicic acid in the north, where diatom growth may be limited by both silicic acid and iron. Two mesoscale experiments, designed to investigate the effects of iron enrichment in regions with high and low concentrations of silicic acid, were performed in the Southern Ocean. These experiments demonstrate iron's pivotal role in controlling carbon uptake and regulating atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
1 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039–9647, USA.
2 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA. 3 Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 4 Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. 5 Marine Science Institute and the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. 6 Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920–1205, USA. 7 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149–1098, USA. 8 Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Geology, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901–8521, USA. 9 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Route 1208 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA. 10 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. 11 University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. 12 School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, 706 South Rodney French Boulevard, New Bedford, MA 02744–1221, USA. 13 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. 14 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964–1000, USA. 15 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093–0227, USA. 16 Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. 17 State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. 18 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 48-336A MIT, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: coale{at}mlml.calstate.edu
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)
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