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Science 9 April 2004:
Vol. 304. no. 5668, pp. 297 - 300
DOI: 10.1126/science.1090506
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Reports

Hemocyte-Mediated Shell Mineralization in the Eastern Oyster

Andrew S. Mount,1* A. P. Wheeler,1 Rajesh P. Paradkar,2{dagger} D. Snider3

The growth of molluscan shell crystals is usually thought to be initiated from solution by extracellular organic matrix. We report a class of granulocytic hemocytes that may be directly involved in shell crystal production for oysters. On the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis, these granulocytes contain calcium carbonate crystals, and they increase in abundance relative to other hemocytes following experimentally induced shell regeneration. Hemocytes are observed at the mineralization front using vital fluorescent staining and SEM. Some cells are observed releasing crystals that are subsequently remodeled, thereby at least augmenting matrix-mediated crystal-forming processes in this system.

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
2 Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
3 1581 Regimental Lane, Johns Island, SC 29455, USA.



{dagger} Present address: Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 2301 North Brazosport Boulevard, Building B 1470, Freeport, TX 77541, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mount{at}clemson.edu

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