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Originally published in Science Express on 4 March 2004
Science 2 April 2004:
Vol. 304. no. 5667, pp. 66 - 74
DOI: 10.1126/science.1093857
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Research Articles

Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea

J. Craig Venter,1* Karin Remington,1 John F. Heidelberg,3 Aaron L. Halpern,2 Doug Rusch,2 Jonathan A. Eisen,3 Dongying Wu,3 Ian Paulsen,3 Karen E. Nelson,3 William Nelson,3 Derrick E. Fouts,3 Samuel Levy,2 Anthony H. Knap,6 Michael W. Lomas,6 Ken Nealson,5 Owen White,3 Jeremy Peterson,3 Jeff Hoffman,1 Rachel Parsons,6 Holly Baden-Tillson,1 Cynthia Pfannkoch,1 Yu-Hui Rogers,4 Hamilton O. Smith1

We have applied "whole-genome shotgun sequencing" to microbial populations collected en masse on tangential flow and impact filters from seawater samples collected from the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. A total of 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence was generated, annotated, and analyzed to elucidate the gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms within these environmental samples. These data are estimated to derive from at least 1800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness, including 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. We have identified over 1.2 million previously unknown genes represented in these samples, including more than 782 new rhodopsin-like photoreceptors. Variation in species present and stoichiometry suggests substantial oceanic microbial diversity.

1 The Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, 1901 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 The Center for the Advancement of Genomics, 1901 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
3 The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
4 The J. Craig Venter Science Foundation Joint Technology Center, 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
5 University of Southern California, 223 Science Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0740, USA.
6 Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc., 17 Biological Lane, St George GE 01, Bermuda.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jcventer{at}tcag.org

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