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Science 2 April 2004:
Vol. 304. no. 5667, pp. 104 - 107
DOI: 10.1126/science.1093933
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Reports

Development of a Human Adaptive Immune System in Cord Blood Cell-Transplanted Mice

Elisabetta Traggiai,1* Laurie Chicha,1* Luca Mazzucchelli,2 Lucio Bronz,3 Jean-Claude Piffaretti,4 Antonio Lanzavecchia,1 Markus G. Manz1{dagger}

Because ethical restrictions limit in vivo studies of the human hemato-lymphoid system, substitute human to small animal xenotransplantation models have been employed. Existing models, however, sustain only limited development and maintenance of human lymphoid cells and rarely produce immune responses. Here we show that intrahepatic injection of CD34+ human cord blood cells into conditioned newborn Rag2–/–{gamma}c–/– mice leads to de novo development of B, T, and dendritic cells; formation of structured primary and secondary lymphoid organs; and production of functional immune responses. This provides a valuable model to study development and function of the human adaptive immune system in vivo.

1 Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
2 Institute of Pathology, Via in Selva 24, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland.
3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
4 Institute of Microbiology, Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona, Switzerland.



* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: manz{at}irb.unisi.ch

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