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Originally published in Science Express on 12 February 2004
Science 26 March 2004:
Vol. 303. no. 5666, pp. 1995 - 1998
DOI: 10.1126/science.1093384
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Reports

Local Ordering in the Pseudogap State of the High-Tc Superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+{delta}

Michael Vershinin,1* Shashank Misra,1* S. Ono,2 Y. Abe,2{dagger} Yoichi Ando,2 Ali Yazdani1{ddagger}§

We report atomic-scale characterization of the pseudogap state in a high-Tc superconductor, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+{delta}. The electronic states at low energies within the pseudogap exhibit spatial modulations having an energy-independent incommensurate periodicity. These patterns, which are oriented along the copper-oxygen bond directions, appear to be a consequence of an electronic ordering phenomenon, the observation of which correlates with the pseudogap in the density of electronic states. Our results provide a stringent test for various ordering scenarios in the cuprates, which have been central in the debate on the nature of the pseudogap and the complex electronic phase diagram of these compounds.

1 Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
2 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan.



* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} Present address: Correlated Electron Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8562, Japan.

§ Currently on sabbatical leave at Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ayazdani{at}uiuc.edu

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